116 research outputs found

    Legal and Tax Instruments Limiting the Decline in the Fiscal Efficiency of the Tax System During Periods of Crisis

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    The article concerns very important issue of the efficiency of the tax system, but the presented perspective focuses on crisis in that field. The historical changes in the Polish economy, which are taking place as a result of: the implementation of the new energy policy, the reconstruction of the structure of the supply of energy resources, the trade war with Russia, and, above all, the end of the era of cheap and readily available energy sources, will have (already had) a significant impact on the dynamics and amount of budget revenues, especially the state budget. Considerations bring Polish perspective, but are universal in their nature. Author argues that the fiscal balance of the new macroeconomic situation is already and will continue to be negative: budget revenues derived from the energy sector from direct and indirect taxes will decrease, and public spending on its maintenance will increase. The policy of high prices for energy carriers will reduce income tax revenues not only burdening business entities. This will exacerbate in a definite way the already growing (despite inflation) fiscal crisis (domino effect). Author proves that amendments of the tax law are necessary. It has to be noted that they should promote direct settlement and payment of the most important taxes by tax law subjects, rather than on the collection of data by tax authorities for the purposes of control and public supervision, because this is the only way to increase the fiscal efficiency of these taxes as soon as possible

    Legal and Tax Instruments Limiting the Decline in the Fiscal Efficiency of the Tax System During Periods of Crisis

    Get PDF
    The article concerns very important issue of the efficiency of the tax system, but the presented perspective focuses on crisis in that field. The historical changes in the Polish economy, which are taking place as a result of: the implementation of the new energy policy, the reconstruction of the structure of the supply of energy resources, the trade war with Russia, and, above all, the end of the era of cheap and readily available energy sources, will have (already had) a significant impact on the dynamics and amount of budget revenues, especially the state budget. Considerations bring Polish perspective, but are universal in their nature. Author argues that the fiscal balance of the new macroeconomic situation is already and will continue to be negative: budget revenues derived from the energy sector from direct and indirect taxes will decrease, and public spending on its maintenance will increase. The policy of high prices for energy carriers will reduce income tax revenues not only burdening business entities. This will exacerbate in a definite way the already growing (despite inflation) fiscal crisis (domino effect). Author proves that amendments of the tax law are necessary. It has to be noted that they should promote direct settlement and payment of the most important taxes by tax law subjects, rather than on the collection of data by tax authorities for the purposes of control and public supervision, because this is the only way to increase the fiscal efficiency of these taxes as soon as possible. JEL Classification: K34

    Public Financial Interest in Polish Tax Law

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    The paper describes the backgrounds and presents critical postulates to the Legislator, which altogether form the indispensable premise, indeed the foundation, for the defense of our country’s interests. First, to eliminate the secret lobbying in the law-making process. Every expert must be bound to reveal in public whether he has a conflict of interest, under legal responsibility. Second, all and any links between public authorities and the tax business specializing in “aggressive tax planning” must be severed. Three, an investigation committee ought to be set up, tasked with investigating into all the pathologies identifiable in the regulations development process in respect of VAT as well as the other taxes (excise tax and income tax, in particular), where the losses are no less severe, or even severer, compared to the income gained. So far, the constitutional system of Poland has not opposed the degradation of the establishment, interpretation, and application of substantive tax law – a matter of so high importance for the financial interest of the [email protected] of the Institute of Tax Studies. Professor of the Faculty of Law and Administration at the University of Warsaw. In 1992-1996 Vice-Minister of Finance responsible for the reconstruction of the Polish tax law system. During his term, tax on goods and services and excise tax, labeling of excise goods, investment reliefs in income taxes, regulations on taxpayers identification were introduced. Academic lecturer at the University of Warsaw, the Warsaw School of Economics and other universities. The Author and Co-author of over a thousand books and articles devoted mainly to taxes and tax law. Tax Advisor and Legal Advisor.University of Warsaw738

    Ślepy zaułek harmonizacji podatku od towarów i usług - droga wyjścia?

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    W niniejszym artykule zostały omówione zagadnienia związane z „harmonizacją” podatku od towarów i usług, która to ostatnimi czasy przysparza wiele problemów. Problemy te bezpośrednio związane są z patologizacją prawa krajowego oraz zaistnieniem biznesu optymalizacyjnego

    Doradca podatkowy jako zawód zaufania publicznego – trudne początki, niepewna przyszłość

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    Autor analizuje zdarzenia związane z pracami nad ustawą z dnia 5 lipca 1996 r. o doradztwie podatkowym oraz okres pierwszych 4 lat obowiązywania tego aktu prawnego. Zgodnie z założeniami inicjatorów tej ustawy jej celem było powołanie wolnego zawodu zaufania publicznego o statusie zbliżonym do radcy prawnego, zajmującego się problematyką podatkową, który miałby charakter interdyscyplinarny z dominacją wątku prawnopodatkowego. Doradcy podatkowi mieli tworzyć obowiązkowy samorząd zawodowy i reprezentować nie tylko wysoki poziom wiedzy podatkowej i prawnopodatkowej, lecz także spełniać wymogi etyczne mające charakter normatywny. </jats:p

    Capacity in the modern excise tax – basic reflections

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    Obowiązek prowadzenia i przechowywania ksiąg podatkowych przez podatników i podmioty prawa podatkowego to jeden z najważniejszych elementów współczesnego prawa podatkowego. Jego wykonywanie jest niezbędnym warunkiem prawidłowego określania zobowiązań podatkowych, zwrotów podatku, nadpłat oraz innych komponentów konstrukcji podatków. Za prawidłowość i rzetelność ksiąg odpowiada podmiot obowiązany, a właściwe ustawowe organy administracji skarbowej lub podatkowej mogą je pod tym względem kontrolować. Nie istnieje żadna obiektywna potrzeba, aby księgi te były na bieżąco przesyłane tym organom, które byłyby jednocześnie obowiązane również do przechowywania owych ksiąg, gdyż analiza tych dokumentów bez przeprowadzenia kontroli źródłowej z zasady nie może się przyczynić do wykrycia jakichkolwiek istotnych nieprawidłowości w deklarowanych zobowiązaniach podatkowych, kwotach zwrotów podatków lub nadpłat. Wdrażany stopniowo od 2016 r. i powszechnie od 2020 r. obowiązek prowadzenia ksiąg podatkowych w formie elektronicznej przez podatników podatku od towarów i usług oraz przesyłania tych ksiąg organom podatkowym (ciążący na podatnikach VAT czynnych) nie może ze swej istoty poprawić efektywności fiskalnej tego podatku. Jednocześnie trwale zwiększa koszty jego obsługi ponoszone ze środków prywatnych i publicznych. Nie przyczynił się również do zwiększenia wykrywalności oszustw podatkowych, gdyż nie sposób odróżnić zapisów ewidencyjnych dotyczących rzetelnych i nierzetelnych faktur i innych dokumentów źródłowych. W możliwie najbliższej przyszłości obowiązek ten powinien być, i prawdopodobnie będzie, ograniczony, ponieważ w obecnej formie jest zbędny.The keeping and storage of accounting books as compulsory for taxpayers (persons taxable) and entities operating under the tax law ranks among the major items of contemporary tax law. Meeting this requirement is indispensable in view of properly determining the tax obligations, tax reimbursements, overpayments, and other structural elements of taxes. There is no objective need for such books to be forwarded on an ongoing basis to the tax authorities, and for the latter to be bound to keep the books, for analysing of such documents without source control would nowise help detect any material irregularities in the declared tax obligations, reimbursement amount, or overpayments. Introduced in Poland gradually since 2016, and universally since 2020, the duty to keep accounting books by registered active VAT payers and provide them to the tax authorities is not capable by itself of improving VAT’s efficiency. Neither can it increase the efficiency of detecting tax frauds, since the records relating to reliable versus unreliable invoices and/or any other source documents are nondifferentiable. The duty in question should be limited rather sooner than later—and it hopefully will, as its present form has proved irrelevant
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