Produksi Hasil Tangkapan sebagai Bahan Baku Industri Pengolahan: Kasus Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Muncar Kabupaten Banyuwangi

Sebagian besar hasil tangkapan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Muncar dijadikan bahan baku olahan baik di Muncar maupun di luar Muncar. Perkembangan sektor industri olahan tersebut menghendaki adanya ketersediaan bahan baku secara kontinyu dan kualitasnya terjamin. Penelitian ditujukan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang produksi hasil tangkapan yang didaratkan dan besaran proyeksi tahun 2011-2020 serta pendistribusiannya sebagai kebutuhan bahan baku utama industri pengolahan ikan. Penelitian menggunakan metode kasus terhadap aspek produksi hasil tangkapan di PPP Muncar sebagai bahan baku industri. Volume dan nilai produksi hasil tangkapan yang didaratkan di PPP Muncar cenderung meningkat masing-masing sebesar 43,86% dan 33,62% pada periode 1999-2008, namun indeks relatif nilai produksinya < 1 atau kualitas pemasarannya kurang baik. Jenis ikan yang paling banyak dibutuhkan oleh industri pengolahan ikan di Muncar adalah lemuru, layang, dan tongkol. Bahan baku industri pengolahan di wilayah Muncar 89% berasal dari PPP Muncar. Pendistribusian hasil tangkapan langsung ditujukan ke industri pengolahan ikan dan ke konsumen wilayah Muncar serta ke daerah lain di Pulau Jawa dan Bali. Hasil proyeksi volume produksi ikan lemuru dan layang menunjukkan peningkatan pada periode 2011-2020, sedangkan ikan tongkol menunjukkan penurunan sehingga perlu didatangkan dari luar daerah seperti Bali dan Jawa Timur untuk mencukupi kebutuhan industri

Contribution of thirdhand smoke to overall tobacco smoke exposure in pediatric patients: study protocol.

BackgroundThirdhand smoke (THS) is the persistent residue resulting from secondhand smoke (SHS) that accumulates in dust, objects, and on surfaces in homes where tobacco has been used, and is reemitted into air. Very little is known about the extent to which THS contributes to children's overall tobacco smoke exposure (OTS) levels, defined as their combined THS and SHS exposure. Even less is known about the effect of OTS and THS on children's health. This project will examine how different home smoking behaviors contribute to THS and OTS and if levels of THS are associated with respiratory illnesses in nonsmoking children.MethodsThis project leverages the experimental design from an ongoing pediatric emergency department-based tobacco cessation trial of caregivers who smoke and their children (NIHR01HD083354). At baseline and follow-up, we will collect urine and handwipe samples from children and samples of dust and air from the homes of smokers who smoke indoors, have smoking bans or who have quit smoking. These samples will be analyzed to examine to what extent THS pollution at home contributes to OTS exposure over and above SHS and to what extent THS continues to persist and contribute to OTS in homes of smokers who have quit or have smoking bans. Targeted and nontargeted chemical analyses of home dust samples will explore which types of THS pollutants are present in homes. Electronic medical record review will examine if THS and OTS levels are associated with child respiratory illness. Additionally, a repository of child and environmental samples will be created.DiscussionThe results of this study will be crucial to help close gaps in our understanding of the types, quantity, and clinical effects of OTS, THS exposure, and THS pollutants in a unique sample of tobacco smoke-exposed ill children and their homes. The potential impact of these findings is substantial, as currently the level of risk in OTS attributable to THS is unknown. This research has the potential to change how we protect children from OTS, by recognizing that SHS and THS exposure needs to be addressed separately and jointly as sources of pollution and exposure.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02531594 . Date of registration: August 24, 2015

Community Pharmacist Attitudes on Medication Synchronization Programs

Background: Medication synchronization is a service offered by an increasing number of community pharmacies that aligns refilling of a patient’s multiple medications. Purported benefits include increased adherence and improved dispensing efficiency. Objective: To assess community pharmacist agreement with a set of declarative statements about medication synchronization programs and to identify variation related to pharmacist characteristics. Methods: In 2015, a cross-sectional survey was mailed to 1,000 pharmacists from 5 Midwestern U.S. states using 4-contacts and an online option. Respondents used a 7-point Likert scale to agree or disagree with 5 statements about medication synchronization. Demographic and workplace characteristics were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis. Multiple linear regression tested the relationship between pharmacist characteristics and a 4-item attitude composite. Results: There were 258 usable responses for a response rate of 28.8%. About half (45.0%) reported their pharmacy offered medication synchronization. Most pharmacists (82.6%) agreed this service has a positive impact on patient adherence but 57% agreed that a “significant change to workflow” was or would be required. Pharmacist agreement that the program provides financial benefits to the pharmacy was higher than agreement that the service provides more opportunities for patient interactions (p<0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, having a PharmD and working at a pharmacy offering Medication Therapy Management were associated with more positive scores on the medication synchronization benefits composite whereas working in a staff role (rather than a manager/owner) was lower. No demographic predictors were significantly associated with agreeing that a significant change to workflow would be required for implementation. Conclusions: Pharmacists generally were positive about medication synchronization programs, although some negative views were present, especially regarding the need for workflow change. Research is needed to understand barriers and facilitators to how medication synchronization programs are implemented and maintained and their effects on outcomes. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.   Type: Original Researc

Faculty Mentor Perspectives of a Formal Mentoring Program for Student Pharmacists: A Qualitative Study

Objective: To describe pharmacy faculty perspectives on participating in a formal mentoring program for student pharmacists. Methods: This qualitative study used ten, 45 to 60 minute semi-structured interviews conducted in November and December, 2012 with faculty mentors sampled randomly by strata of on-site off-site positions at a single public university college of pharmacy. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were coded using an inductively created consensus code list. The research team iteratively grouped codes into themes, developed summaries, and identified representative quotes. Results: Analysis of interviews produced three main themes. Mentor interaction was described as having an investigative or responsive orientation, which influenced mentor actions and perspectives for the relationship with the student mentee. Program structure and concerns included a perceived absence of clear program objectives. Mentor response to feedback focused on 3 feedback sources: administrators, peers, and students. Conclusions: Overall, faculty mentors in this program had different approaches to, expectations for, and experiences in their formal mentoring program participation. These differences are initial descriptions of mentor approaches toward mentoring interactions by faculty in a formal mentoring program. Colleges of pharmacy leaders and administrators may benefit from more clearly specifying and communicating program objectives in order to achieve results for mentees, mentors, and the organization.   Type: Original Researc

Hubungan peran orang tua sebagai fasilitator dengan peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik

Orang tua memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan anak, khususnya pada proses belajar anak sehingga hasil belajar yang anak dapat merupakan hasil yang telah disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor. Banyakanya orang tua yang tidak memahami seberapa pentingnya peran mereka dalam keberlangsungan belajar anak, terutama perannya sebagai fasilitator dalam pembelajaran anak. Perannya sebagai fasilitator sangatlah memiliki andil yang besar dalam keberlangsungan belajar anak. Semakin anak difasilitasi dalam pembelajaran oleh orang tua anak akan semakin termotivasi dan dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar anak. Orang tua juga kadang lupa, andilnya mereka dalam keberlangsungan belajar anak maka orang tua akan sangat memahami dan menyaksikan tumbuh kembang anak selama mengenyam pendidikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran orang tua sebagai fasilitator terhadap hasil belajar anak, untuk mengetahui hasil belajar anak dan untuk mengetahui hubungan peran orang tua sebgai fasilitator terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas III C SD Muhammadiyah 3 Bandung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode korelasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif terhadap 26 peserta didik di kelas III C SD Muhammadiyah 3 Bandung. Data hasil penelitian diperoleh dari angket/kuesioner yang bersumber dari orang tua peserta didik dan hasil belajar peserta didik serta diolah menggunakan SPSS for Windows 24.0, observasi serta dokumentasi sebagai penunjang dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Teknik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu uji normalitas serta uji hipotesis korelasi person product moment. Hasil uji normalitas dengan menggunakan uji Kolmogrov-Smirnov yaitu diperoleh nilai Kolmogrov-Smirnov yaitu 0.190 > 0.05 dan hasil belajar peserta didik 0.200 > 0.05 yang berarti kedua variabel berdistribusi normal karena nilai Kologrov-Smirnov lebih besar dari 0.05. Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa: peran orang tua sebagai fasilitator dengan hasil belajar peserta didik tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil koefisien korelasi person product moment dengan bantuan SPSS for Windows 24.0 dengan nilai signifikasi sebesar 0.888 (p > 0.05) dengan person corelation sebesar -0.029 yang terletak diantara 0.00 – 0.199 maka korelasi antara kedua variabel dinyatakan tidak ada hubungan anara peran orang tua sebagai fasilitator dengan hasil belajar peserta didik di kelas III SD Muhammadiyah 3 Bandung

PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN DARI PRAKTIK PENIPUAN KOMERSIAL DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM(Studi Kasus di Pasar Desa Indralaya Mulya Kabupaten Ogan Ilir)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik-praktik penipuan komersial yang dilakukan oleh para pedagang ikan kepada konsumen yang ada di Pasar Indalaya Mulya, mengetahui penipuan komersial dalam persfektif ekonomi Islam di Pasar Indralaya Mulya, serta mengetahui solusi ekonomi Islam dalam memberikan perlindungan kepada konsumen dari berbagai macam praktik penipuan komersial yang banyak terjadi di Pasar Indralaya Mulya Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, yang sesuai dengan ketentuan Islam.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif yaitu metode yang mengetengahkan bahasa-bahasa verbal dalam data-data dan tidak berbentuk numerik, sedangkan sumber data terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga alat pengumpul data yang meliputi: (1) observasi (2) wawancara, dan (3) dokumentasi. Selanjutnya seluruh data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif yaitu, menguraikan data, penganalisisan sampai menemukan jawaban dari tiga pertanyaan yang menjadi pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Bagaimana praktik penipuan komersial yang terjadi di Pasar Indralaya Mulya Kabupaten Ogan Ilir? (2) Apa penipuan komersial yang ada di Pasar IndralayaKabupaten Ogan ilir dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam? (3) Bagaimana solusi ekonomi Islam dalam memberikan pelindungan bagi konsumen di PasarIndralaya Mulya Kabupaten Ogan Ilir.Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalahTerdapat berbagai jenis penipuan dan kecurangan, yang dilakukan pedagang kepada konsumendi Pasar Indralaya Mulya, mulai dari penipuan dengan menjual tahu putih yang mengandung formalin. Sampai dengan penipuan pengurangan berat barang saat ditimbang pada beberapa jenis pedagang ikan yang ada di pasar Indralaya Mulya kabupaten Ogan Ilir.Sedangkan Penipuan komersial dalam persfektif Ekonomi Islam di pasar Indralaya Mulya yang paling mendominasi adalah penipuan dalam bentuk gharar, gharar dari segi berat keseimbangan pada timbangan, dan gharar dari segi kualitas barang dagangan dengan menggunakan bahan makanan berformalin.Penipuan-penipuan yang mendominasi pasar, Ekonomi Islam memberikan solusi untukmelindungi konsumen yang dirugikan atas tindakan curang pedagang di Pasar Indaralaya Mulya, yaitu memanfaatkan lembaga berwenang yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah untuk mengawasi dan mengotrol langsung pasar, seperti (polisi, badan pengelolaan kesejahteraan pedagang di pasar dan badan kesehatan daerah),pemerintah harus memeriksa secara rutin alat timbangan para pedagang, serta memberikan sanksi tegas, berupa penyitaan barang dagangan milik penjual, bahkan bisa berupa hukuman penjara serta ganti rugi kepada konsumen yang telah dirugikan, agar para pelaku usaha curang dalam berdagang merasakan efek jera dari sanksi tersebut, dan tidak mengulangi perbuatan curang lagi

Community Pharmacist Attitudes on Medication Synchronization Programs

Background: Medication synchronization is a service offered by an increasing number of community pharmacies that aligns refilling of a patient’s multiple medications. Purported benefits include increased adherence and improved dispensing efficiency. Objective: To assess community pharmacist agreement with a set of declarative statements about medication synchronization programs and to identify variation related to pharmacist characteristics. Methods: In 2015, a cross-sectional survey was mailed to 1,000 pharmacists from 5 Midwestern U.S. states using 4-contacts and an online option. Respondents used a 7-point Likert scale to agree or disagree with 5 statements about medication synchronization. Demographic and workplace characteristics were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis. Multiple linear regression tested the relationship between pharmacist characteristics and a 4-item attitude composite. Results: There were 258 usable responses for a response rate of 28.8%. About half (45.0%) reported their pharmacy offered medication synchronization. Most pharmacists (82.6%) agreed this service has a positive impact on patient adherence but 57% agreed that a “significant change to workflow” was or would be required. Pharmacist agreement that the program provides financial benefits to the pharmacy was higher than agreement that the service provides more opportunities for patient interactions (p&lt;0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, having a PharmD and working at a pharmacy offering Medication Therapy Management were associated with more positive scores on the medication synchronization benefits composite whereas working in a staff role (rather than a manager/owner) was lower. No demographic predictors were significantly associated with agreeing that a significant change to workflow would be required for implementation. Conclusions: Pharmacists generally were positive about medication synchronization programs, although some negative views were present, especially regarding the need for workflow change. Research is needed to understand barriers and facilitators to how medication synchronization programs are implemented and maintained and their effects on outcomes. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties. &nbsp; Type:&nbsp;Original Researc