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The life of San Isidro of Madrid
This anonymous Life of Isidro of Madrid (d. pre-1192) represents a rare medieval effort to justify the sanctification of a non-noble layman, in this case, a tenant farmer. Note how the author does this, in part, by depicting Isidro as a man who made a virtue out of the curse inflicted on Adam ( You will earn your bread from the labor of your hands and the sweat of your brow, Genesis 3:19) by embracing the life of an agricultural laborer. Isidro was canonized in 1622, along with Ignatius Loyola, Francis Xavier, Teresa of Ávila, and Philip Neri. Shortly thereafter, Isidro became the patron saint of Madrid
Life of St. Zita of Lucca
Zita (c. 1218-78) is a rare example of a servant saint. She spent her entire adult life in the service of the Fatinelli family of Lucca. Like other saints of low birth (cf Isidro of Madrid), she distinguished herself by embracing her humble profession, seeing it as a God-given means of penance. She was finally canonized in 1698, her cause championed by descendants of the Fatinellis who employed her
Confesiones de un Bicho Raro
The lección magistral that Wolf delivered to the graduate students in History and Geography at the University of Salamanca, May 31-June 1, 2007
Chronicon, Isidore of Seville, c. 616
A particularly concise example of the universal chronicle genre of Christian historical writing made famous by Eusebius of Caesarea, Isidore\u27s Chronicon provides a summary of history from the Creation to the reign of the Visigothic King Sisebut (612-21). Of particular interest is the way in which Isidore grafts post-biblical history onto royal chronologies drawn from the bible, thus extending the concept of chosen people well beyond the demise of the Jewish kingdoms
Sentencia-Estatuto de Toledo, 1449
This text, from Toledo in 1449, is the earliest known reference to Jewish blood, as opposed to Jewish beliefs and rituals (judaizing), being held against Christian conversos in Spain. The underlying issue seems to have been fears on the part of the old Christian ruling class in Toledo that their power was threatened by the rise of the new Christians, the descendants of Jewish converts to Christianity who, for the most part, had been forcibly baptized during the infamous progroms of 1391
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