Low-temperature redetermination of benzofurazan 1-oxide

In the six-membered ring of the low-temperature crystal structure of benzofurazan 1-oxide, C6H4N2O2, the two C atoms adjacent to the N atoms are linked by a delocalized aromatic bond [1.402 (2) Å]; each is connected to its neighbour by a longer, more localized, bond [1.420 (2), 1.430 (2) Å]. However, the next two bonds in the ring approximate double bonds [1.357 (2), 1.366 (2) Å]. As such, the six-membered ring is better described as a cyclo­hexa­diene system, in contrast to the description in the room-temperature structure reported by Britton & Olson (1979 ▶) [Acta Cryst. B35, 3076–3078]

Effects of an ACTH 4-9 related peptide upon intracranial self stimulation and general activity in the rat

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were stereotactically implanted with electrodes within the anterior medial forebrain bundle: The rats were trained to respond for intracranial self-stimulation (ICS) and treated with control solution or varying doses of an ACTH 4-9 related synthetic peptide (Org 2766; H-Met(O 2 )-Glu-His-Phe- d -Lys-Phe-OH). The drug affected ICS as measured in overnight response records, with the highest dose reliably increasing the amount of responding. In a second experiment rats were similarly treated and general activity was assessed. No remarkable changes in activity were present at any tested dose. The findings corroborate previous reports suggesting ACTH-related peptides may be active in a variety of motivated tasks, but less active with respect to general activity.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46417/1/213_2004_Article_BF00433254.pd

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer: Analysis of toxicity.

436 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) carries a poor prognosis, with significant morbidity and mortality from local progression. Radiotherapy can be administered for local control, with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) increasingly being utilized. We aim to compare the toxicity of SBRT with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in this setting. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with PDAC receiving IMRT or SBRT at our institution between April 2011 and November 2015 was performed. 81 patients were identified. Clinical notes were reviewed for treatment details and acute and late toxicities. Late toxicity data was available for 62 patients. Toxicity was assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Radiology reports were reviewed to assess for the presence of recurrence and/or progression. Results: Median follow-up from RT was 29 months (95% CI 22-36 months), and median survival from RT was 25 months (95% CI 22-34 months). IMRT patients received 37.5-54 Gy in 15-30 fractions. SRBT patients received 19.8-39.6 Gy in 3-6 fractions. 45% of IMRT and 29% of SBRT patients had local failure (p = 0.1329). IMRT patients were significantly more likely to have Grade ≥2 acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity than SBRT patients (RR 1.70; 95% CI 0.98-2.96, p = 0.0489), although one SBRT patient had to have treatment stopped due to extrahepatic stricture. There were no significant differences in late GI toxicity (67% Grade 2 or higher vs. 57%, respectively, p = 0.4244), although one IMRT patient died due to late GI bleeding.IMRT patients were more likely to lose weight during RT(Median -0.03% vs. -0.004%, p = 0.0001) and have moreEmergency Department (ED) visits after RT (Range 0-8 vs. 0-3, p = 0.0019). There were no significant differences in dermatitis, fatigue, or hematologic toxicity. Conclusions: Patients with locally advanced PDAC treated with IMRT versus SBRT had significantly more acute gastrointestinal toxicity, median weight loss, and ED visits after RT, but no significant differences in late gastrointestinal toxicity, dermatitis, fatigue, or hematologic toxicity. SBRT is a relatively tolerable and more convenient alternative for patients with pancreatic cancer. </jats:p