Viability Discrimination of a Class of Control Systems on a Nonsmooth Region

The viability problem is an important field of study in control theory; the corresponding research has profound significance in both theory and practice. In this paper, we consider the viability for both an affine nonlinear hybrid system and a hybrid differential inclusion on a region with subdifferentiable boundary. Based on the nonsmooth analysis theory, we obtain a method to verify the viability condition at a point, when the boundary function of the region is subdifferentiable and its subdifferential is convex hull of many finite points

Evolution equation for quantum coherence

Quantum coherence plays an important role in quantum resource theory, which is strongly related with entanglement. Similar to the entanglement evolution equation, we find the coherence evolution equation of quantum states through fully and strictly incoherent operation (FSIO) channels. In order to quantify the full coherence of qudit states, we define G-coherence and convex roof of G-coherence, and prove that the G-coherence is a strong coherence monotone and the convex roof of G-coherence is a coherence measure under FSIO, respectively. Furthermore, we prove a coherence evolution equation for arbitrary $d$-dimensional quantum pure and mixed states under FSIO channels, which generalizes the entanglement evolution equation for bipartite pure states. Our results will play an important role in the simplification of dynamical coherence measure.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

DiGAN breakthrough: advancing diabetic data analysis with innovative GAN-based imbalance correction techniques

In the rapidly evolving field of medical diagnostics, the challenge of imbalanced datasets, particularly in diabetes classification, calls for innovative solutions. The study introduces DiGAN, a groundbreaking approach that leverages the power of Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) to revolutionize diabetes data analysis. Marking a significant departure from traditional methods, DiGAN applies GANs, typically seen in image processing, to the realm of diabetes data. This novel application is complemented by integrating the unsupervised Laplacian Score for sophisticated feature selection. The pioneering approach not only surpasses the limitations of existing techniques but also sets a new benchmark in classification accuracy with a 90% weighted F1-score, achieving a remarkable improvement of over 20% compared to conventional methods. Additionally, DiGAN demonstrates superior performance over popular SMOTE-based methods in handling extremely imbalanced datasets. This research, focusing on the integrated use of Laplacian Score, GAN, and Random Forest, stands at the forefront of diabetic classification, offering a uniquely effective and innovative solution to the long-standing data imbalance issue in medical diagnostics

Effect of fibers on self-healing properties of microbial mineralized cement mortars

In this study, we selected cement mortar as the research object, used the expanded perlite (EP) which adsorbed bacteria as the self-healing agent, and mixed basalt fibers to improve the properties. The effects of different dosages and sizes of self-healing agent and basalt fibers on the mechanical properties and self-healing properties of cement mortar were investigated by compressive strength, SEM, EDS, XRD, and optical microscopy tests. The results of the study showed that the bacteria were able to survive in cement mortar using expanded perlite as a carrier and induced the generation of calcium carbonate precipitates to fill the cracks. The dosage of the healing agent is proportional to the amount of healing products generated, which can significantly improve the self-healing performance of cracks in mortar. Fibers can bond the material, play the role of bridging, and become the adsorption carrier of bacterial metabolic precipitates, which is beneficial to the dense bonding of the products. The addition of appropriate amount of basalt fiber can simultaneously improve the self-healing properties and compressive strength of mortar. The simultaneous addition of healing agent and basalt fiber can realize the complementary advantages. By adding a small amount of healing agent and a moderate amount of fiber, not only can achieve 100% self-healing performance, but also improve the compressive strength of mortar. This study provides useful theoretical guidance for the design, preparation, and application of concrete

Characteristics of imprinted differentially methylated regions in preeclampsia placenta

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of imprinted differentially methylated regions (iDMRs) in placentas and their correlation with preeclampsia (PE). MethodsA total of 43 healthy pregnant women (control group) and 33 pregnant women with PE (PE group) at Shanghai Putuo Maternity and Infant Hospital and International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2021 to September 2023 were selected. A total of 3 362 CpG sites in 62 iDMRs were analyzed in 76 placenta and 5 maternal blood samples using BisCap targeted bisulfite resequencing (BisCap-seq) assays. The CpG sites in the CpG islands of the iDMRs were assessed for their methylation levels and methylation linkage disequilibrium (MLD). Imprinted methylation haplotype blocks (iMHBs) were constructed based on MLD. The methylation levels and variablility of CpG sites and iMHBs were compared among the healthy placenta, PE placenta and blood samples. ResultsThe CpG sites in the CpG islands of the iDMRs exhibited intermediate methylation, with adjacent sites displaying high MLD (methylation levels: 0.35-0.65, D’ ＞ 0.8). A total of 185 iMHBs were constructed using these coupled CpG sites, 60 placenta-specific iMHBs and 38 somatic iMHBs were found to be differentially methylated in the placenta compared with maternal blood (Padj＜0.05). Twenty-seven iMHBs were identified with differentially variable methylation patterns in the placenta. The iMHBs methylation was unchanged in the PE placentas compared to the healthy placentas. Twenty-seven differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) were identified outside the iMHBs structure, among which the methylation levels of 19 CpG sites showed statistically significant differences between the PE group and the control group (Padj＜0.05). The quantitative results of placental compositions of maternal plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using placenta-specific haplotype (PSH) were highly correlated with those estimated by a deconvolution methodology (r＝0.973, P＜0.01). ConclusionsThe genomic imprinting features in the PE placentas were obvious, and PSH could be a potential marker of the placenta to quantify the placental compositions of maternal plasma cfDNA

Experimental research on the effect of graphite on heat transfer performance of a latent heat storage system

Phase change materials (PCMs) provide a good resolution for the latent heat storage system which can be used in many application fields such as solar energy utilization and waste heat recovery. This study aims to experimentally investigate the impact of graphite powder on the thermal characteristics and heat transfer performance of paraffin with ceresin (PC) as a PCM, using water as the heat transfer fluid. Experimental tests were conducted to analyze the heat transfer performance of PC and the influence of graphite powder on its thermal characteristics. Different masses of graphite powder were employed to assess their effects on the heating rate and the time required for PC to reach its melting temperature. The experimental results revealed that the addition of graphite powder improved the heating rate of both PC and water, attributed to its high thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the time for PC to reach the melting temperature was decreased with varying amounts of graphite powder, achieving a maximum reduction of 17.2% with the addition of 40 g of graphite powder. However, the effectiveness of graphite powder in enhancing heat transfer efficiency was found to be limited, with the optimal promotion effect observed at around 40 g of graphite powder for 500 g of PC. The findings of this investigation provide valuable insights for the design of phase change energy storage systems, with potential applications including heat pump drying units, greenhouse energy storage in modern agriculture, and solar energy storage utilization technology. The theoretical basis established can contribute to the development and optimization of PCM-based systems in diverse practical scenarios

Quantifying the morphology of calcareous sands by dynamic image analysis

Data Availability Statement: All data generated during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.It is commonly accepted that the macroresponse of soil depends significantly on the microscopic particle characteristic features, such as size, shape, and roughness. These parameters can be obtained readily by dynamic image analysis of each individual particle, enabling the quantification of particle morphologies. This study investigated the variation of calcareous sand morphology before and after the one-dimensional normal compression. The tests employed a large oedometer cell (231.6-mm inner diameter and 155-mm height) and coarse calcareous particles (10?20 mm). It was found that samples of different particle shape mixtures have almost the same compressibility due to continuous breakage and gradual fining of coarse sand particles. The particle breakage can be effectively quantified by the change of total particle perimeters in the dynamic image analysis. The mixture of branched particles in blocky sands can effectively increase the particle breakage factor because the branched structure can be easily crushed due to localized stresses during the compression. The breakage of coarse particles can produce a large number of fine particles with an exponential frequency distribution (by number). These fine particles generally are more elongated and flatter than the coarser particles. After the compression tests, all particles tended to be slightly smoother and more spherical, due mainly to the particle asperity damage. In particular, the rounded (spherical) particles were much smoother than the angular ones. The relevance of particle morphology change to geotechnical engineering practice also is established.Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XDA19060301 and grant XDA13010200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 41877260, 41877267 and 41602289)