Multi-task Neural Network for Non-discrete Attribute Prediction in Knowledge Graphs

Many popular knowledge graphs such as Freebase, YAGO or DBPedia maintain a list of non-discrete attributes for each entity. Intuitively, these attributes such as height, price or population count are able to richly characterize entities in knowledge graphs. This additional source of information may help to alleviate the inherent sparsity and incompleteness problem that are prevalent in knowledge graphs. Unfortunately, many state-of-the-art relational learning models ignore this information due to the challenging nature of dealing with non-discrete data types in the inherently binary-natured knowledge graphs. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-task neural network approach for both encoding and prediction of non-discrete attribute information in a relational setting. Specifically, we train a neural network for triplet prediction along with a separate network for attribute value regression. Via multi-task learning, we are able to learn representations of entities, relations and attributes that encode information about both tasks. Moreover, such attributes are not only central to many predictive tasks as an information source but also as a prediction target. Therefore, models that are able to encode, incorporate and predict such information in a relational learning context are highly attractive as well. We show that our approach outperforms many state-of-the-art methods for the tasks of relational triplet classification and attribute value prediction.Comment: Accepted at CIKM 201

Finding Support Examples for In-Context Learning

Additionally, the strong dependency among in-context examples makes it an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem and enumerating all permutations is infeasible. Hence we propose LENS, a fiLter-thEN-Search method to tackle this challenge in two stages: First we filter the dataset to obtain informative in-context examples individually. Specifically, we propose a novel metric, InfoScore, to evaluate the example's in-context informativeness based on the language model's feedback, and further propose a progressive filtering process to filter out uninformative examples. Then we propose diversity-guided example search which iteratively refines and evaluates the selected example permutations, to find examples that fully depict the task. The experimental results show that LENS significantly outperforms a wide range of baselines.Comment: Accepted to the Findings of EMNLP 202

MoT: Memory-of-Thought Enables ChatGPT to Self-Improve

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive abilities in various tasks. However, fundamentally improving them depends on high-quality datasets or computationally expensive fine-tuning. On the contrary, humans can easily improve themselves by self-thinking and memory, without external resources. In this paper, we propose a framework, MoT, to let the LLM self-improve through Memory-of-Thought, without annotated datasets and parameter updates. Specifically, MoT is divided into two stages: 1. before the test stage, the LLM pre-thinks on the unlabeled dataset and saves the high-confidence thoughts as external memory; 2. During the test stage, given a test question, the LLM recalls relevant memory to help itself reason and answer it. Experimental results show that MoT can help ChatGPT significantly improve its abilities in arithmetic reasoning, commonsense reasoning, factual reasoning, and natural language inference. Further analyses show that each component contributes critically to the improvements and MoT can lead to consistent improvements across various CoT methods and LLMs.Comment: Accepted to appear at EMNLP 202

Perceptions of Heroism: Characteristics, Functions and Influencing Factors among Chinese College Students in the Post-pandemic Era

Heroes play a significant role in shaping the popular perceptions of morality, justice, and social values in general. During the Covid-19 pandemic, people’s anticipation for heroes doubles and their heroism may be reshaped by the pandemic. This paper attempts to investigate the perceived heroism of Chinese higher education students(n=847) in the post-pandemic era by means of the online questionnaire. Firstly, we explore the main characteristics of heroes worshipped by Chinese higher education students, which are summarized as diversified, epoch-making and civilian. Then we investigate the functions of heroes, which are categorized as enhancing, moral modeling and protecting. Finally, we analyze the five factors (intrinsic attraction, social reinforcement, education, family background and publicity) that may predict students’ heroism worship. As the regression analysis reveals, the five factors have significantly positive influences on higher education students’ perceptions of heroism and the weights of intrinsic attraction, social reinforcement, publicity, family background and education are 0.364, 0.316, 0.227, 0.190 and 0.156 respectively. These findings not only provide a theoretical and empirical contribution to the study of heroism, but also help develop Chinese higher education sustainable development in the post-pandemic era

Agent Alignment in Evolving Social Norms

Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly permeating various domains of human production and life, highlighting the importance of aligning them with human values. The current alignment of AI systems primarily focuses on passively aligning LLMs through human intervention. However, agents possess characteristics like receiving environmental feedback and self-evolution, rendering the LLM alignment methods inadequate. In response, we propose an evolutionary framework for agent evolution and alignment, named EvolutionaryAgent, which transforms agent alignment into a process of evolution and selection under the principle of survival of the fittest. In an environment where social norms continuously evolve, agents better adapted to the current social norms will have a higher probability of survival and proliferation, while those inadequately aligned dwindle over time. Experimental results assessing the agents from multiple perspectives in aligning with social norms demonstrate that EvolutionaryAgent can align progressively better with the evolving social norms while maintaining its proficiency in general tasks. Effectiveness tests conducted on various open and closed-source LLMs as the foundation for agents also prove the applicability of our approach.Comment: Work in progres