The Synthesis of Styrene-Oligoester Copolymer and Investigation of Their Physico-mechanical Properties

The copolymerization reaction of commercial propylene oxide with glycidylmethacrilate in the presence of BF3·O(C2H5)2 catalyst have been investigated. The composition and structure of copolymerization products and anchored functional groups have been determined using IR and gel chromatographic methods. The physico-mechanical properties and utility of polyfunctional unsaturated oligoester were investigated. The obtained thermoset product via the reaction of the oligoester with both styrene and oligostyrene obtained from the bottom of column as a waste material during the rectification operation of styrene in the presence of radicalic initiator has a good adhesion capability, hardness and high heat and water resistance. Thus the waste material was converted to the high valuable polymeric material

Influence of chelating agents on the recovery of Al(III), Fe(III), Ti(IV) and Na(I) from red mud by cation exchange membranes

The metal recovery from red mud solution containing chelating agents such as nitriloacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, and phosphoric acid were studied by using the Neosepta CMX and CMB cation exchange membranes in Donnan dialysis process. The stripping solution was 1.0 M HCl solution and no external potential field is applied. The efficiency of chelating agents on the recovery of metal ions through membranes was correlated with the flux data. It was observed that the removal and fluxes of metals were enhanced with citrate, EDTA and NTA chelating agents in contrast were decreased with phosphate complexing agent

Simultaneous recovery of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from the aqueous phase with ion-exchange membranes

The simultaneous recovery of trivalent and tetravalent chromium ions through charged ion-exchange membranes by using three detachable cells was tested at different current densities. The effect of mono- and divalent valence ions corresponding to trivalent and hexavalent chromium ions in the feed phase was investigated. The recovery factor values of chromium (III) and (VI) ion without current density were obtained and found that it was higher in the absence of binary monovalent and divalent ions, but increased with increasing current density and decreased in the presence of the binary mono- and divalent ions. The transport of both oxidation states of chromium ions through membranes was also correlated with the flux data

Using n-alkanes for identification of oils in domestic wastewaters

The aim of this work was to investigate whether linear aliphatic hydrocarbons had a usable potential for the determination of waste oil in wastewater. For that, n-alkanes analyses of wastewater samples from five sampling points (P-1-P-5) of the sewage system of Konya-Turkey were carried out by gas chromatographic technique and the parameters of carbon predominance index (ICP), n-C-17/n-C-18 and unresolved complex mixture (UCM)/n-alkanes ratios were determined. It was found that sampling points P, P, and P. which had ICP values 1.52 +/- 0.04, 1.43 +/- 0.05 and 1.12 +/- 0.05, respectively, were polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons and the aliphatic hydrocarbons detected in the sampling points of P, and F, which ad ICP values of 0.96 +/- 0.05 and 0.95 +/- 0.03, respectively, were from natural origin. These results were also supported by the parameters of n-C-12/n-C-18 and UCM/n-alkanes ratios and by the correlation between the parameters of ICP, n-C-17/n-C-18 UCM/n-alkanes and COD, Pb, Cr for all sampling points

Selectivity and kinetics of ligand exchange of anions in a chelate ion exchanger

Ersoz, Mustafa/0000-0002-9409-9157; Cengeloglu, Yunus/0000-0001-6547-3042WOS: A1997YD28200004Ligand selectivity plots and interdiffusion coefficients are presented for the chloride form of a ligand exchanger chemically derived from sporopollenin. Exchanges of iodide and bromide for chloride as the ligand were determined and found to increase with decreasing pH and ion hydration number, The ligand-exchange rates were measured as a function of pH just after rapid mixing of the ligand solution with the resin suspension at temperatures between 20 and 60 degrees C. The results are interpreted in terms of structure, the diffusivity of the ligands, the rate constant for chelate complex formation, and the hydrated radius of the ligands

Removal of boron from water by donnan dialysis

Hexion Specialty Chemicals;Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation;CS Cabot;Zentiva;BorsodChem MCHZCHISA 2006 - 17th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering -- 27 August 2006 through 31 August 2006 -- Prague -- 70283Removal of boron from aqueous solution was studied through SB-6407 anion exchange membrane by Donnan dialysis method. The effects of concentration, pH, and accompanying anions on feed and receiver phase composition were investigated. The flux of boron with respect to the concentration, pH, and the effect of the accompanying anions (Cl- and SO4 -2) were obtained between (0.472 ± 0.011 - 6.825 ± 0.151)×10-8 mol.cm-2.s-1. With a fix pH 9.5 of the feed phase, the highest boron removal was obtained when pH of the receiver phase was 1. Additionally, transport of boron increased with increase of feed and recevier phase concentration and decreased in the presence of accompanying anions in the feed phase. The transport of boron was also correlated with the flux data and explained according to structure of membrane

Transport of chromium through cation-exchange membranes by Donnan dialysis in the presence of some metals of different valences

The transport of a trivalent chromium ion through charged polysulfonated cation-exchange membranes in the presence of metals of different valences under Donnan dialysis conditions was studied as a function of pH gradient at 25degreesC. The recovery factor (RF) values of chromium ion were obtained, and it was found that the RF values decreased with the increasing of the metal valence. The transport of chromium ions through membranes was correlated with the flux data, which depended on the metal valences as well as the structure of the membrane. It was observed that the transport was influenced with H+ ion concentration in the receiver phase

Separation of some priority organic pollutants in wastewater samples by column chromatography

The aim of this work was to develop a fractionation procedure to separate PCBs and PAHs in wastewater extracts, while simultaneously eliminating the interfering substances, a necessary precondition for analysis with nonselective GC detectors. This was carried out by optimizing the fraction cut-off volume of the eluting solvent and deactivation levels of different adsorbents for column chromatography. Using a combined column (5 g aluminum oxide, deactivated with 5% H2O plus 5 g fully activated silica gel) and cutting off PCB collection, after elution with 50 mL n-hexane, led to satisfactory separation of PCBs and PAHs. The approach of this study was to decrease solvent volume and analysis time during cleanup procedure compared to the US EPA standard methods (EPA Methods 610 and 608 for PAHs and PCBs, respectively)

Recovery and concentration of metals from red mud by Donnan dialysis

The transport fluxes of Al(III), Fe(III), Ti(IV) and Na(I) ions from red mud through charged heterogeneous and Neosepta CMB and CMX cation exchange membranes has been studied as a function of H+ ion concentration in stripping phase. In this process, the feed solutions is initially red mud aqueous solution or half-diluted solution which contains Al(III), Fe(III), Ti(IV) and Na(I) ions and other side is HCl solutions at different concentrations (0.05, 1.0 M). It was shown that the fluxes and recovery factor value of metal ions were enhanced with increasing concentration in feed phase and H+ ion concentration in stripping phase. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Adsorption of Boron by Metallurgical Slag and Iron Nanoparticles

Boron is a problematic pollutant because of the difficulty involved in removing it from water with an acceptable cost-to-benefit ratio, especially at extremely high concentrations (600 mg B/l). It is also necessary to remove the pollutant to comply with the quality criteria for drinking water (1 mg B/l) and even for agricultural irrigation purposes (0.5–15 mg B/l depending on crop tolerance). Although some newly proposed water-treatment technologies use economical adsorbents, they are unable to achieve the residual concentrations. The aim of this work is to show that adsorption using metallurgical slags (SL) can be used either as a pre-treatment of the zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nano-Fe 0 ) or as a final treatment itself for removing boron at high concentrations to obtain effluents complying with the standards established for drinking water and wastewater reuse. Adsorption tests (kinetics and isotherms) were carried out for both adsorbents. The slags showed good results as an adsorbent for boron removal in the pre-treatment and final treatment stages, with a very low cost compared with nano-Fe 0 . The use of slags instead of expensive commercial adsorbents makes adsorption of water with high boron concentrations feasible, and allows obtaining treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation of very tolerant crops