Coupling between the photo-excited cyclic π system and the 4f electronic system in a lanthanide single molecule magnet

Does the angular momentum of the 4f system couple with a photo-induced orbital angular momentum L in the cyclic π system in a lanthanide SMM?</p

Supplementary Material for: Expression of a Hypoxia-Associated Protein, Carbonic Anhydrase-9, Correlates with Malignant Phenotypes of Gastric Carcinoma

Background/Aims: Gastric cancers are characterized by a heterogeneously hypoxic environment. Hypoxia might stimulate the malignant potential of cancer cells. The purpose of our study was to clarify the significance of hypoxia in gastric carcinoma by evaluating the expression of a hypoxic marker, namely carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA-9). Methods: A total of 265 patients who had undergone a resection of the primary tumor and were confirmed histologically to have sporadic gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of CA-9 in the paraffin-embedded specimens of 265 gastric adenocarcinomas. Results: The CA-9 expression was positive in 88 (33%) of 265 gastric carcinomas. The CA-9 expression level was significantly high in cases of type 4 carcinoma (60%, p Conclusion: Hypoxia might be associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes of gastric carcinomas. The hypoxic marker CA-9 may be a useful prognostic indicator

Abstract 2057: Hypoxia stimulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells via TGF-β/ TGF-β receptor signaling

Abstract Introduction: Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process during which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal properties while losing cell-cell interactions and apicobasal polarity. EMT is considered to be correlated with malignancy of cancer cells and to be responsible for cancer invasion and metastasis. Patients with gastric cancer show a poor prognosis because of frequent metastasis. We previously reported that hypoxia was associated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Therefore, we investigated the effect of hypoxic condition on EMT of gastric cancer cells. Materials and Methods:Three gastric cancer cell lines, OCUM-2MD3, OCUM-2M, and OCUM-12 derived from gastric cancer were used. Cells were cultured in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2). EMT rate was evaluated as the percentage of spindle-shaped cells of total cells. The expression level of TGF-β and TGF-β receptor was evaluated by real time RT-PCR. Effect of TGF-β or TGF-βR inhibitor, SB431542, on the EMT was evaluated by cell morphology. Results: Hypoxia stimulated EMT of OCUM-2MD3 and OCUM-12 cells, but not that of OCUM-2M cells. The level of TGF-β expression was increased significantly (p&amp;lt;0.001) under hypoxia in comparison with normoxia in all of three cell lines. The level of TGF-β receptor expression was increased in OCUM-2MD3 and OCUM-12 cells, but not OCUM-2M cells. TGF-βR inhibitor, SB431542, significantly suppressed EMT of OCUM-2MD3 (p=0.03) and OCUM-12 (p&amp;lt;0.01). Conclusion: Hypoxia stimulates the EMT of gastric cancer cells via TGF-β/ TGF-β receptor signaling. TGF-β receptor inhibitor might be promising for the treatment of gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2057. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2057</jats:p