Turfgrass species response exposed to increasing rates of glyphosate application

To investigate the response of nine turfgrass species exposed to increasing rates of glyphosate application, the dry matter production, visual leaf injury symptoms (e.g., chlorosis and necrosis) and the concentrations of shikimate and mineral nutrients were determined in shoots. The rates of foliar glyphosate application were 0%, 5% (1.58 mM), and 20% (6.32mM) of the recommended application rate for weed control. In general, there was a negative and weak correlation between the intensity of visual injury and relative decreases in shoot dry matter production caused by glyphosate application. The decreases in shoot dry matter production and the severity of leaf damage pronounced by increasing glyphosate rate showed a substantial variation among the turfgrass species. Of the turfgrass species tested, Festuca arundinacea ‘Falcon’ and Buchloe dactyloides ‘Bowie’were selected as the most tolerant and sensitive species to applied sublethal rates of glyphosate as judged from visual injury ratings, respectively. At the highest glyphosate rate, shoot dryweightwas decreased by 4-fold in Bowie and only 1.6-fold in Falcon. When glyphosatewas not applied, shoot shikimate concentration of all species was very low and below 2.8mol g−1 FW (fresh weight). Glyphosate applications resulted in increases in shoot shikimate concentration with substantial variations among species. At 6.32mM glyphosate treatment, shikimate concentration ranged between 156.1mol g−1 (F. rubra, Ambrose) and 16.5mol g−1 FW (F. rubra, Cindy Lou). However, the highly sensitive and the tolerant genotypes were not different in shoot shikimate concentrations. Even, in the case of some genotypes, high glyphosate tolerance is accompanied by higher shoot concentrations of shikimate. Depending on the turfgrass species and mineral nutrients tested, increasing glyphosate application either did not affect or reduced mineral nutrient concentrations. In the case of decreases in shoot concentration of mineral nutrients, the decreases in Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe were most distinct. The results obtained indicate existence of a large genetic variation in tolerance to glyphosate toxicity among the turfgrass species. This differential variation in tolerance to glyphosate could not be explained by the changes in shoot concentrations of shikimate and mineral nutrients

Fungsi Festival Legu Gam Moloku Kie Raha Bagi Masyarakat Kota Ternate

The aim of this study is to observe the functions Legu Gam Moloku Kie Raha festival for peoplein ternate. Sultanate of ternate or the kingdom of gapi is one of the four Islamic kongdom in north Malukuand the oldest Islamic kingdom in nusantara. The power sultanate of ternate can be seen since the first sultanof 1257-1277 has given the traditional authority and celebration or Dorogam. Dorogam is a celebration ofsociety. The celebration Dorogam held at right time in Moloku Kie Raha. In 2002 Dorogam has changed thename Legu Gam festival or celebration of society.The methodology used was qualitative research. Result this study shows that Legu Gam Moloku KieRaha festival described of good relationship between the sultanate and the people in ternate. Legu Gamfestival has become a symbol for Moloku Kie Raha and has become the most awaited festival by the peoplein ternate. Legu Gam festival is functional structural festival and has several function. The festival has beenprepared in a form a moment the function of religion give thank to god and pray for sultan mudaffar syah'sbirthday. Art preserving performances of traditional dances, music and folk songs, social cultural educationin form of activity-ngongare jojaru, promotion of creative economy as well as to support the budget ternate inPAD

Experimental and numerical investigations of free convection heat transfer in solar oven

The use of solar energy for baking, heating or drying represents a sustainable way of solar energy applications with negligible negative effects. Solar oven is an alternative to conventional oven that rely heavily on coal and wood or Electric oven that uses the power from the National grid of which the end users have little or no control. Since the Solar oven uses no fuel and it cost nothing to run, it use are widely promoted especially in situations where minimum fuel consumption or fire risks are considered highly important. As useful as the Solar Oven proved, it major setback in the area of applications has been its future sustainability. For the use of Solar Oven/Cookers to be sustained in the future, the design and development of solar oven must rely on sound analytical tools. Therefore, this work focused on the design and development of the solar oven. To test the performance of the Small Solar Oven a 5000cm3 beaker of water was put into the Oven and the temperature of the water was found to reach 810C after about 3hrs under an average ambient temperature of 300C. On no load test, the oven reached a maximum temperature of 112oC in 6hrs. In order to carry out the parametric studies and improve the performance of the Solar Oven, Mathematical models were developed and solved by using Characteristics-Based Split (CBS) Finite Element Method. The Model results were compared with the Experimental results and a good agreement ware found between the two results

Radiographic Study of Developmental Alteration in Tooth Number Among Children in IIUM Dental Clinic

Background: The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence, distribution and association of developmental alteration in tooth number with gender, location, and presence of delayed eruption of tooth among children who attended to Student's polyclinic of IIUM Kuantan, Malaysia. Methods: A cross sectional study on total 727 Orthopanthomograms (OPGs) of 3-17 years old children from April 2009 to July 2012. OPGs with presence of alteration number were scrutinized to find out the prevalence, distribution and association. The data was analyzed comparing gender, location and presence of delayed eruption and tested using Chi-square test. Results: Out of 727 OPGs, 71 OPGs showed developmental alteration in tooth number. The prevalence was 98/1000 OPGs within 3 years. Among those 71 OPGs, the gender differences were: males (49.3%) and females (50.7%). Locations were found in maxilla (45.1%), mandible (40.8%) and both (14.0%). The finding of delayed eruption was (7.0%). There were significant differences between alteration in tooth number with location as (p<0.05) while there were no significant differences with gender and delayed eruption as (p>0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that hyperdontia was considerably lower than hypodontia. There was association between alteration in tooth number with location, but no association with gender and delayed eruption

Truth-telling and Trust in Sender-receiver Games with Intervention

Recent experimental studies find excessive truth-telling in strategic information transmission games with conflictive preferences. In this paper, we show that this phenomenon is more pronounced in sender-receiver games where a truthful regulator randomly intervenes. We also establish that intervention significantly increases the excessive trust of receivers.Strategic information transmission, truth-telling, trust, sender-receiver game.

Sound fields near building facades: comparison of finite and semi-infinite reflectors on a rigid ground plane

The sound field in front of, and close to a building facade is relevant to the measurement and prediction of environmental noise and sound insulation. For simplicity it is often assumed that the facade can be treated as a semi-infinite reflector, however in the low-frequency range (50–200 Hz) this is no longer appropriate as the wavelengths are similar or larger than the facade dimensions. Scale model measurements and predictions using integral equation methods have been used to investigate the effect of diffraction on the sound field in front of finite size reflectors. For the situation that is commonly encountered in front of building facades, the results indicate that diffraction effects are only likely to be significant in the low-frequency range (50–200 Hz) when the façade dimensions are less than 5 m. This assumes that there is a point source close to the ground and microphones at a height of 1.2 or 1.5 m, at a distance between 1 and 2 m in front of the façade. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Bird's habitat suitability model in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve using geographical information system.

Peninsular Malaysia's growing population and rapid economic development have resulted in pressure of forest area usage which consequently led to decrease in wildlife habitat. Recent urban development surrounding Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR) in Selangor, for example, had threatened potential habitats of wildlife including birds. This study was undertaken with two objectives: (i) to develop bird's habitat suitability model using GIS for Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve and, (ii) to identify and map bird habitat location and distribution in the study area. In the study, available AHFR digital map was used in the modelling and analysis. The bird's distribution data was digitized into a GIS using PC-Arc View Version 3.3 software. Suitability model for classifying bird habitat was developed incorporating pre specified criteria. The four criteria used to classify bird's habitat suitability area were "distance from forest edge", "distance from road", "distance from river" and "site slope". These criteria were ranked and weighted prior to calculation by using Suitability Equation in the GIS software. The bird habitat suitability scales used in this study were "highly suitable", "moderately suitable" and "marginally suitable" areas. The suitability model implemented in GIS enables the mapping of suitable bird habitat in AHFR. From the analysis, it was found that the highly suitable area for bird's habitat was located at the centre of the AHFR, which lied from north to south. The highly suitable area was found to cover about 615.83 hectare (6158254 m2), and for moderately and marginally suitable areas, they were about 517.07 hectare (5170752 m2) and 59.98 hectare (599802 m2), respectively. A total of 36 birds were observed present in the highly suitable area, 19 in moderate suitable area and none in the marginally suitable area. The main bird species in the highly suitable area was Little Spiderhunter, Olive-winged Bulbul and Yellow vented Bulbul. Results showed that GIS can be used to identify suitable area for bird habitat in AHFR, hence, the approach can be used for wildlife management strategy in AHFR in the near future