Rosiglitazone, but Not Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, Attenuates the Decrease in PGC-1α Protein Levels in Palmitate-Induced Insulin-Resistant C2C12 Cells

Alteration of lipid metabolism is an important mechanism for the treatment of insulin resistance. PGC-1α, a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, plays an important role in the improvement of insulin sensitivity by increasing fatty acids β-oxidation. In the present study, the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an anti-obesity agent and enhancer of lipid catabolism, on PGC-1α protein expression was examined and compared with anti-diabetic drug rosiglitazone (RGZ). After differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts to myotubes, insulin resistance was induced by palmitate treatment. Then the expression of the PGC-1a gene and glucose uptake were evaluated before and after treatment with RGZ and EGCG. Palmitate treatment significantly decreased PGC-1α protein expression in C2C12 cells (P 0.05), while EGCG had no significant effect on the expression of this gene (P < 0.05). RGZ and EGCG significantly improved glucose uptake (by 2- and 1.54-fold, respectively) in myotubes treated with palmitate. These data suggest that RGZ and EGCG both exert their anti-diabetic activity by increasing insulin sensitivity, but with different molecular mechanisms. This effect of RGZ, unlike EGCG, is mediated, at least partly, by increasing PGC-1α protein expression. © 2015 AOCS

Investigation of the effects of strategic management and innovation on performance together with technological capabilities

The acceleration of technological advances has significantly improved sectoral efficiency and provided service providers the opportunity to produce an unprecedented variety of products and services. As a result, more supply has started to form in a growing number of sectors than demand. As the liberalization rate in trade increased with the influence of global organizations such as the World Trade Organization and regional organizations such as the European Union, the brand addiction and product price differences decreased, and the logic of monopoly began to disappear with the effective competition of those who challenged the markets and leading organizations. For this reason, although the importance of strategy and innovation is emphasized in the study, it focuses on the strategic importance and technological innovation capabilities of innovation, and criticisms are made in terms of strategic management