MHC Class II haplotypes of Colombian Amerindian tribes

We analyzed 1041 individuals belonging to 17 Amerindian tribes of Colombia, Chimila, Bari and Tunebo (Chibcha linguistic family), Embera, Waunana (Choco linguistic family), Puinave and Nukak (Maku-Puinave linguistic families), Cubeo, Guanano, Tucano, Desano and Piratapuyo (Tukano linguistic family), Guahibo and Guayabero (Guayabero Linguistic Family), Curripaco and Piapoco (Arawak linguistic family) and Yucpa (Karib linguistic family). for MHC class II haplotypes (HLA-DRB1, DQA1, DQB1). Approximately 90% of the MHC class II haplotypes found among these tribes are haplotypes frequently encountered in other Amerindian tribes. Nonetheless, striking differences were observed among Chibcha and non-Chibcha speaking tribes. The DRB1*04:04, DRB1*04:11, DRB1*09:01 carrying haplotypes were frequently found among non-Chibcha speaking tribes, while the DRB1*04:07 haplotype showed significant frequencies among Chibcha speaking tribes, and only marginal frequencies among non-Chibcha speaking tribes. Our results suggest that the differences in MHC class II haplotype frequency found among Chibcha and non-Chibcha speaking tribes could be due to genetic differentiation in Mesoamerica of the ancestral Amerindian population into Chibcha and non-Chibcha speaking populations before they entered into South America

PENGARUH KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA, STRUKTUR BIROKRASI, DAN PEMAHAMAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN DAERAH TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PENYALURAN ALOKASI DANA DESA

RAHMA YUNIS. The Influence of Human Resources Quality, Bureaucratic Structure, and Understanding of Regional Financial Accounting System on Effectiveness of Village Fund Allocation Distribution. Faculty of Economics, Study Program of S1 Akuntansi, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. 2017. This research aims to analyze the influence between human resources quality, bureaucratic structure, and understanding of regional financial accounting system on effectiveness of Village Fund Allocation distribution. This research uses primary data with Chief Financial Officer whom work in village office in Sumedang District as a respondent. Population of this research is all villages in Sumedang District with 270 villages. While sampling method use random sampling method and obtained 113 respondent as a sample. Data analysis was done by using multiple linear regression method, using IBM SPSS version 22 application. Dependent variable of this research is effectiveness of Village Fund Allocation distribution and the influence of human resources quality, bureaucratic structure, and understanding of regional financial accounting system as an independent variable. The result shows that Human resources quality variable have no effect to effectiveness of Village Fund Allocation distribution. Bureaucratic structure variable have significant positive effect to effectiveness of Village Fund Allocation distribution. And understanding of regional financial accounting system variable have significant positive effect to effectiveness of Village Fund Allocation distribution. Keywords: Effectiveness of Village Fund Allocation Distribution, Human Resources Quality, Bureaucratic Structure, Understanding of Regional Financial Accounting System

Jointly Optimizing Placement and Inference for Beacon-based Localization

The ability of robots to estimate their location is crucial for a wide variety of autonomous operations. In settings where GPS is unavailable, measurements of transmissions from fixed beacons provide an effective means of estimating a robot's location as it navigates. The accuracy of such a beacon-based localization system depends both on how beacons are distributed in the environment, and how the robot's location is inferred based on noisy and potentially ambiguous measurements. We propose an approach for making these design decisions automatically and without expert supervision, by explicitly searching for the placement and inference strategies that, together, are optimal for a given environment. Since this search is computationally expensive, our approach encodes beacon placement as a differential neural layer that interfaces with a neural network for inference. This formulation allows us to employ standard techniques for training neural networks to carry out the joint optimization. We evaluate this approach on a variety of environments and settings, and find that it is able to discover designs that enable high localization accuracy.Comment: Appeared at 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS

Alat Peraga Edukatif Papan Pancasila

Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan mengenai alat peraga edukatif papan pancasila yang membahas mengenai lambang pancasila, makna beserta contoh sikap untuk kelas II SD/M

On the Use of 3dB Qualification Margin for Structural Parts on Expendable Launch Vehicles

The standard random vibration qualification test used for Expendable Launch Vehicle components is Maximum Predicted Environment (MPE) + 6dB for a duration of 4 times the service life of the part. This can be a severe qualification test for these fatigue-sensitive structures. This paper uses flight data from several launch vehicles to establish that reducing the qualification approach to MPE+3dB for the duration of the peak environment (1x life) is valid for fatigue-sensitive structural components. Items that can be classified as fatigue-sensitive are probes, ducts, tubing, bellows, hoses, and any non-functional structure. Non-functional structure may be flight critical or carry fluid, but it cannot include any moving parts or electronics. This reduced qualification approach does not include primary or secondary structure which would be exclusively designed by peak loads, either transient or quasi-static, that are so large and of so few cycles as to make fatigue a moot point

The application of structural reliability techniques to plume impingement loading of the Space Station Freedom Photovoltaic Array

A new aerospace application of structural reliability techniques is presented, where the applied forces depend on many probabilistic variables. This application is the plume impingement loading of the Space Station Freedom Photovoltaic Arrays. When the space shuttle berths with Space Station Freedom it must brake and maneuver towards the berthing point using its primary jets. The jet exhaust, or plume, may cause high loads on the photovoltaic arrays. The many parameters governing this problem are highly uncertain and random. An approach, using techniques from structural reliability, as opposed to the accepted deterministic methods, is presented which assesses the probability of failure of the array mast due to plume impingement loading. A Monte Carlo simulation of the berthing approach is used to determine the probability distribution of the loading. A probability distribution is also determined for the strength of the array. Structural reliability techniques are then used to assess the array mast design. These techniques are found to be superior to the standard deterministic dynamic transient analysis, for this class of problem. The results show that the probability of failure of the current array mast design, during its 15 year life, is minute

Studi Empiris Hubungan Metrik Kohesi dengan Kecendrungan Kesalahan pada Aplikasi Berorientasi Objek

Salah satu faktor penting dari suatu perangkat lunak adalah kualitas. Kualitas perangkat lunak yang baik ditunjukkan dengan minimalnya kesalahan-kesalahan yang ditemukan pada saat implementasi. Kesalahan yang ditemukan di awal pengembangan dapat mengurangi biaya, USAha dan waktu untuk perbaikan. Pada penelitian ini, akan diuji pengaruh antara salah satu metrik kualitas internal yaitu kohesi dan kecenderungan kesalahan pada perangkat lunak berorientasi objek. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian berupa perangkat lunak berkode bebas yang dikembangkan dengan bahasa pemrograman Java. Pengukuran metrik kohesi dilakukan pada tahap desain dan implementasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara metrik kualitas kohesi terutama pada kode sumber dengan kecenderungan kesalahan perangkat lunak berorientasi obje