Eight-fold signal amplification of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector using a multiple-avalanche architecture

Superconducting nanowire avalanche single-photon detectors (SNAPs) with n parallel nanowires are advantageous over single-nanowire detectors because their output signal amplitude scales linearly with n. However, the SNAP architecture has not been viably demonstrated for n > 4. To increase n for larger signal amplification, we designed a multi-stage, successive-avalanche architecture which used nanowires, connected via choke inductors in a binary-tree layout. We demonstrated an avalanche detector with n = 8 parallel nanowires and achieved eight-fold signal amplification, with a timing jitter of 54 ps.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Denial of Service Protection with Beaver

We present Beaver, a method and architecture to ``build dams\u27\u27 to protect servers from Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Beaver allows efficient filtering of DoS traffic using low-cost, high-performance, readily-available packet filtering mechanisms. Beaver improves on previous solutions by not requiring cryptographic processing of messages, allowing the use of efficient routing (avoiding overlays), and establishing keys and state as needed. We present two prototype implementations of Beaver, one as part of IPSec in a Linux kernel, and a second as an NDIS hook driver on a Windows machine. Preliminary measurements illustrate that Beaver withstands severe DoS attacks without hampering the client-server communication. Moreover, Beaver is simple and easy to deploy

Structure formation in solutions of rigid polymers undergoing a phase transition/

Polymer Science and EngineeringDoctor of Philosophy (PhD

Superconducting nanowire for single-photon detection: progress, challenges and opportunities

Single-photon detectors and nanoscale superconducting devices are two major candidates for realizing quantum technologies. Superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) comprise these two solid-state and optic aspects enabling high-rate (1.3 GBit s-1) quantum key distribution over long distances (>400 km), long-range (>1200 km) quantum communication as well as space communication (239,000 miles). The attractiveness of SNSPDs stems from competitive performance in the four single-photon relevant characteristics at wavelengths ranges from UV to the mid IR: high detection efficiency, low false-signal rate, low uncertainty in photon time arrival and fast reset time. However, to-date, these characteristics cannot be optimized simultaneously. In this review, we present the mechanisms that govern these four characteristics and demonstrate how they are affected by material properties and device design as well as by the operating conditions, allowing aware optimization of SNSPDs. Based on the evolution in the existing literature and state-of-the-art, we propose how to choose or design the material and device for optimizing SNSPD performance, while we also highlight possible future opportunities in the SNSPD technology.Comment: 83 pages, 18 figures, 3 table

Membrane-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

CLEO: QELS--Fundamental Science, San Jose, California United States, June 9-14, 2013We integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on sub-400-nm-thick silicon nitride membranes, which can then be transferred and aligned to photonic structures on a secondary chip with sub-micron placement accuracy