Priorities for the Distribution of Interbudgetary Transfers Under the Conditions of Fiscal Decentralization in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the problem of the distribution of intergovernmental transfers in Ukraine, taking into account fiscal decentralization trends. To perform the delegated functions, local governments need to have sufficient funding. However, the revenues of local budgets are insufficient to cover all necessary expenses. Therefore, inter-budget transfers, which in Ukraine are the main instrument of financial equalization, play an important role in ensuring the implementation of delegated powers by local governments. The aim of the article is determination of the priorities for the distribution of intergovernmental transfers in Ukraine in the context of fiscal decentralization. The research methodology combines quantitative and qualitative methods. Using quantitative methods, the principles of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine are observed through the mechanism of distribution of intergovernmental transfers. Using high-quality methods and based on the analysis, the priorities of the distribution of inter-budget transfers in the context of fiscal decentralization are formulated. An analysis of foreign publications on fiscal decentralization has shown that the uncertainty of priorities in this area reduces the effectiveness of fiscal decentralization and inhibits the economic development of regions. Prioritization of the distribution of intergovernmental transfers is preceded by the definition of principles for the distribution of intergovernmental transfers. Based on the results of a quantitative analysis, namely, the identified dynamics of fiscal decentralization indicators and the impact of the distribution of intergovernmental transfers on economic development, the following priorities for the distribution of intergovernmental transfers in fiscal decentralization are identified: supporting the prevalence of targeted transfers over non-targeted transfers, increasing the share of capital transfers, increasing the accountability of local authorities self-government regarding the use of funds received in the form of intergovernmental budget transfers

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOFTWARE SIMULASI PROTEUS TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA DIKLAT ELEKTRONIKA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan prestasi belajar siswa kelas X1 Kelas A dan Kelas B jurusan Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik SMK 1 Sedayu pada mata diklat Elektronika dengan menerapkan media software simulasi proteus sebagai media pembelajaran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain penelitian control group posttest only design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah kelas X1 TITL B sebagai kelompok dengan menggunakan media software simulasi proteus dan kelas XI TITL A dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran konvensional. Variabel penelitian ini adalah metode pembelajaran menggunakan media simulasi proteus (kelas eksperimen) dan penggunaan media pembelajaran konvensional (kelas kontrol) sebagai variabel bebas serta prestasi belajar sebagai variabel terikat. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tes. Analisis data menggunakan analisis uji beda t-test yang dikerjakan dengan bantuan software aplikasi SPSS 19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) pengujian perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol melalui uji beda t-test adalah nilai t hitung > t tabel (3,653 > 2,001) dan nilai signifikansi 0,001 < 0,05, artinya terdapat perbedaan peningkatan prestasi belajar yang signifikan antara kelompok eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol, 2) hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan media software simulasi proteus lebih tinggi dari pada hasil pembelajaran siswa dengan menggunakan media konvensional. Rata-rata hasil belajar kelompok eksperimen 75, sedangkan kelompok kontrol 66,33. Perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar kedua kelompok tersebut mencapai 8,76 atau sebesar 13,12%. Berdasarkan kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM), persentase kelulusan siswa kelompok eksperimen mencapai 80% sedangkan untuk kelompok kontrol mencapai 50%. Perbedaan tingkat kelulusan kedua kelas tersebut mencapai 30%, hal ini menunjukkan pembelajaran elektronika dengan menggunakan software simulasi proteus dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa

Minimal Lorentz Surfaces in Pseudo-Euclidean 4-Space with Neutral Metric

We study minimal Lorentz surfaces in the pseudo-Euclidean 4-space with neutral metric whose first normal space is two-dimensional and whose Gauss curvature $K$ and normal curvature $\varkappa$ satisfy the inequality $K^2-\varkappa^2 >0$. Such surfaces we call minimal Lorentz surfaces of general type. On any surface of this class we introduce geometrically determined canonical parameters and prove that any minimal Lorentz surface of general type is determined (up to a rigid motion) by two invariant functions satisfying a system of two natural partial differential equations. Using a concrete solution to this system we construct an example of a minimal Lorentz surface of general type.Comment: 18 pages; a new section with an example is adde

Self-contracted curves have finite length

A curve $\theta$: $I\to E$ in a metric space $E$ equipped with the distance $d$, where $I\subset \R$ is a (possibly unbounded) interval, is called self-contracted, if for any triple of instances of time $\{t_i\}_{i=1}^3\subset I$ with $t_1\leq t_2\leq t_3$ one has $d(\theta(t_3),\theta(t_2))\leq d(\theta(t_3),\theta(t_1))$. We prove that if $E$ is a finite-dimensional normed space with an arbitrary norm, the trace of $\theta$ is bounded, then $\theta$ has finite length, i.e. is rectifiable, thus answering positively the question raised in~\cite{Lemenant16sc-rectif}.Comment: 27 page