Economic analysis of an integrated anthropogenic carbon dioxide network for capture and enhanced oil recovery along the Texas Gulf Coast

This paper explains the system economics of an example integrated network that uses anthropogenic CO2 from Texas Gulf Coast fossil power plants for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). These CO2 sources and sinks are connected via a pipeline network. A discounted cash flow model indicates that for all candidate oil fields that require less than an estimated $10/BBL in EOR capital expenditure, all three entities (CO2 capture, pipelines, and EOR operators) can have 20$55 per tonne of CO2 and $56 per barrel of oil. These results include no existing or future tax incentives, and there are some costs not yet included. However, a Monte Carlo analysis shows insight by indicating that the total system rate of return is most sensitive to oil production parameters. Oil price and estimated amount of recoverable oil are the most positively influential factors while the EOR capital cost is the most negatively sensitive factor. The capital costs of capture and CO2 price are less sensitive, both negatively affecting rate of return.Bureau of Economic Geolog

Enhancing Communication Skills through ELCS LABS OF JNTU-H ENGINEERING COLLEGES in Nalgonda District of Andhra Pradesh: A Review

English Language Communication Skills Laboratory (ELCS) plays a significant role in enhancing the skills of engineering students. The infrastructural facilities provided in addition to the teacher resources to enhance the skills among the students at the foundation level of engineering first year sure to prepare them compatible for ‘industry ready’. The ELCS Labs help the budding professionals to acquire relevant language skills affectively and certain measures are required to be taken by the university authorities to highlight the use and importance of the ELCS Labs for forthcoming times. Keywords: ELCS Labs, communication skills, engineering students, teacher’s role, PBLG.

<i>In situ</i> observation of strain and phase transformation in plastically deformed 301 austenitic stainless steel

To inform the design of superior transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels, it is important to understand what happens at the microstructural length scales. In this study, strain-induced martensitic transformation is studied by in situ digital image correlation (DIC) in a scanning electron microscope. Digital image correlation at submicron length scales enables mapping of transformation strains with high confidence. These are correlated with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) prior to and post deformation process to get a comprehensive understanding of the strain-induced transformation mechanism. The results are compared with mathematical models for enhanced prediction of strain-induced martensitic phase transformation

A Personalized Fractional Produce Maker For Superfluous Double Multipliers

In this RBMPPG (modified component product) generator is recommended; it removes the additional ECW and thus provides a single step for RBPP collection. Due to this high portability and no additional load, redundant binary (RB) can be used to create high performance servo. The traditional RB extension requires one line extension to the selected RB product (RBPP), because the error correction voice (ECW) is made up of both Radiated Radix-4 root recording (MBE) and RB code. This occurs during one additional RBPP component of the MBE expansion component.  Therefore, the planned RBMPPG produces fewer production products compared to the standard RB MBE multiplier. The results show that the proposed RBMPPG-based design significantly improves the space and power consumption or voice length of each parliamentary in this extension is approximately thirty-three; this reduction over previous NB servo leads to a slight increase in delay (approximately 6%). The power of the product delay can be reduced to ninety-five percent using the selected Serb rib compared to the existing RB servo

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the kinetics of alpha–omega phase transformation in zirconium

A three dimensional (3D) elastoplastic phase-field model, including strain hardening, is employed to study the effect of hydrostatic pressure in the range of 4–9 GPa on the kinetics of alpha–omega phase transformation in zirconium (Zr). The input data corresponding to pure Zr are acquired from experimental studies as well as by using the CALPHAD method. A decreasing incubation time, for the formation of omega variants, with increasing pressure is observed. Avrami (JMAK) equation is used to study the transformation kinetics by analysing the phase fraction plots predicted by the phase-field simulations. The estimated activation energy is in the range of 54–59 kJ mol−1 and decreases at an average rate of 992 J mol−1 per 1 GPa increase in pressure. The analysis of Avrami exponents, based on Cahn's approach, show that the transformation region can be divided into two distinct regions with a change in slope, which is attributed to the site saturation. It is concluded that in the first region where the exponents are above 3, the transformation proceeds by nucleation and growth. In the second region where the exponents are sub-unity, the transformation proceeds by growth of the existing variants.Post-print / Final draf

Mesoscale modeling of the martensitic transformations coupled with plasticity in engineering materials

The martensitic transformation (MT) that occurs in several engineering materials, such as steels, Zirconium (Zr) alloys and Titanium (Ti) alloys leads to some interesting material properties. In thisstudy, a physically based 3D elastoplastic phase-field model is developed to study the MT under various thermo-mechanical conditions in single crystals of steel and Zr-alloys. The input data for the model is acquired from different sources, such as CALPHAD, ab initio calculations and experimental measurements. The simulation results clearly show some of the typical characteristics of MT, such as: twinned microstructure formation, autocatalysis, Magee effect (variant selection mechanism under different stress-states), and transformation induced plasticity effect. The study of structure–property relations shows that the stress-states, strain rate as well as the temperature affect the mechanical behavior of steels, giving rise to different yield stresses and hardening behavior. The w phase formation in Zr and the coevolution of mechanical properties are also studied using this model

Chapter 15 - National and sub-national policies and institutions

This chapter assesses national and sub-national mitigation policies and their institutional settings. There has been a marked increase in national policies and legislation on climate change since the AR4 with a diversity of approaches and a multiplicity of objectives (see Section 15.2). However, Figure 1.9 of Chapter 1 suggests that these policies, taken together, have not yet achieved a substantial deviation in emissions from the past trend. Limiting concentrations to levels that would be consistent with a likely probability of maintaining temperature increases below 2 degrees C this century (scenarios generally in the range of 430-480 ppmv CO2eq) would require that emissions break from these trends and be decreased substantially. In contrast, concentrations exceed 1000 ppmv CO2eq by 2100 in many baseline scenarios (that is, scenarios without additional efforts to reduce emissions). The literature on mitigation scenarios provides a wide range of CO2 shadow price levels consistent with these goals, with estimates of less than US$50/tCO2 in 2020 in many studies and exceeding US$100/tCO2 in others, assuming a globally-efficient and immediate effort to reduce emissions. These shadow prices exhibit a strongly increasing trend thereafter. Policies and instruments are assessed in this light. Section 15.2 assesses the role of institutions and governance. Section 15.3 lays out the classification of policy instruments and packages, while 15.4 discusses the methodologies used to evaluate policies and institutions. The performance of various policy instruments and measures are individually assessed in Sections 15.5 and 15.6. The two main types of economic instruments are price instruments, that is, taxes and subsidies (including removal of subsidies on fossil fuels), and quantity instruments - emission-trading systems. These are assessed in Sections 15.5.2 and 15.5.3 respectively. An important feature of both these instruments is that they can be applied at a very broad, economy-wide scale. This is in contrast to the regulation and information policies and voluntary agreements which are usually sector- specific. These policies are assessed in Sections 15.5.4, 15.5.5, and 15.5.7. Government provision and planning is discussed in 15.5.6. The next section, 15.6, provides a focused discussion on technology policy including research and development and the deployment and diffusion of clean energy technologies. In addition to technology policy, longer-term effects of the policies assessed in Section 15.5 are addressed in Section 15.6. Both these sections, 15.5 and 15.6, bring together lessons from policies and policy packages used at the sectoral level from Chapters 7 (Energy), 8 (Transport), 9 (Buildings), 10 (Industry), 11 (Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use) and Chapter 12 (Human Settlements, Infrastructure, and Spatial Planning). The following sections further assess the interaction among policy instruments, as they are not usually used in isolation, and the impacts of particular instruments depend on the entire package of policies and the institutional context. Section 15.7 reviews interactions, both beneficial and harmful, that may not have been planned. The presence of such interactions is in part a consequence of the multi-jurisdictional nature of climate governance as well as the use of multiple policy instruments within a jurisdiction. Section 15.8 examines the deliberate linkage of policies across national and sub-national jurisdictions. Other key issues are further discussed in dedicated sections. They are: the role of stakeholders including non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (15.9), capacity building (15.10), links between adaptation and mitigation policies (15.11), and investment and finance (15.12). Gaps in knowledge are collected in 15.13

Microstructure, Mechanical properties and Wear Behaviour of Dissimilar Metallic Coatings for Steel Discs of Butterfly Valves

In the present work coating materials that can be welded to the EN 1.6220 low alloy steel disc of a butterfly valve and are also compatible with the seal material, i.e., 17-4 PH steel, are studied. 312 duplex stainless steel, 316 austenitic stainless steel and Stellite 6 are identified as potential coating materials for the disc based on Cobweb analysis and are welded to the disc using MAG welding (312 and 316 steel coatings) and powder plasma arc welding (Stellite 6). Microstructural analyses and Vickers hardness measurements of the weld joints are performed. The surface roughness and wear behaviour of the coatings are also studied. Nanoscale wear phenomena and consequent phase transformations are studied using Molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that 312 and 316 stainless steels are suitable coating materials for the disc.Post-print / Final draf

A Massive and Rare Case of Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: A Case Report

Localized gingival growths are most frequently encountered lesions in the oral cavity, which are considered to be reactive rather than neoplastic. Different lesions with similar clinical presentation make it difficult to arrive at a correct diagnosis. These lesions include pyogenic granuloma, irritation fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF). Among these lesions, an infrequently occurring gingival lesion is the POF. Considerable confusion has prevailed in the nomenclature of POF due to its variable histopathologic features. This is a case presentation of a 40-year-old female with gingival overgrowth in the maxillary right premolar – molar region. Clinically, the lesion was symptomatic, firm, pale pinkish and sessile. Excisional biopsy of the lesion was done followed by histopathologic confirmation with emphasis on the clinical aspect. The rate of recurrence for POF being 8-20%, close post-operative follow-up done