Assessment of Knowledge and Practice on Breast Feeding Among Mothers of Children Aged Less Than Two Years and Associated Factors in Areka Town, Wolita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018

World health organization guideline recommend that continuous frequent and on-demand breast feeding until two years of age and beyond is essential for the child as well as the mother. Breast feeding aids general health, growth and development of the children. This study will  Asses knowledge and practice on breast feeding among mothers of children aged less than two years and associated factors in Araka town, Woliat zone,South Ethiopia community based cross sectional study was conduct among 286 mothers in Areka town on May 2018. By using simple random sampling technique1 kebele was selected from 4 kebeles of Areka town and  lottery method was used to get required sample size. structured questionnaire was used for collecting data from respondents .The data was analyzed and processed by SPSS window version 18 and presented in the form of percentage, proportions, and narrative sand associations are identified. From the total of 274 mothers, 56.6% of the mothers have good knowledge about the benefits of breast-feeding 43.6% poor knowledge about child breast feeding. From the total of 274,132 (48.2%) have good practice of breast feeding and 142(51.2%) mothers have poor practice of breast feeding. multivariate logistic regression analysis showed mothers of age20-24 and mothers of age 30-34 practiced appropriate breastfeeding less likely than mothers with age greater than 35 years of age. Mothers who attended higher education were more knowledgeable when compared to  mothers not attended formal education. Mothers who are government employ are more likely know about importance of breast feed as compared to students. The result of this study demonstrated that more than half of mothers of children under two years of age have good knowledge about benefit of breast feeding and less than half of respondent have good practice of breast feeding. Keywords: Breast feeding, knowledge, practice DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/88-01 Publication date: April 30th 202

Growth, yield and yield component attributes of narrow-leafed lupin (<i>Lupinus angustifolius</i> L.) varieties in the highlands of Ethiopia

An experiment was conducted to characterize the growth and yield performance of narrow-leafed sweet blue lupin varieties (Lupinus angustifolius L.) in northwestern Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and included 7 varieties (Bora, Probor, Sanabor, Vitabor, Haags blaue, Borlu and Boregine). Data on days to flowering and to maturity, flower color, plant height, numbers of leaflets, branches and pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, forage dry matter (DM) yield, grain yield and 1,000-seed weight were recorded. The results showed that plant height, number of branches per plant, forage DM yield, number of seeds per pod, grain yield and 1,000-seed weight varied significantly (P<0.01) among varieties. The highest forage DM yield at 50% flowering (2.67 t/ha), numbers of pods per plant (16.9) and of seeds per pod (4.15), grain yield (1,900 kg/ha) and 1,000-seed weight (121 g) were obtained from the Boregine variety. The tallest plants and greatest number of branches per plant were recorded from varieties Sanabor and Bora, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the major factor affecting forage DM yield was plant height, while plant height, days to maturity and number of seeds per pod had the greatest influence on grain yield. The best performing variety was Boregine followed by Sanabor and Bora. These varieties seem promising for the development of sustainable forage production strategies with limited external inputs. However, future research should be conducted on the improvement of their agronomy and the possibility of their utilization as protein supplements using narrow-leafed sweet blue lupin forage or grain, as well as testing of promising varieties in diverse locations

Crude protein, amino acid and alkaloid contents of annual sweet lupin (Lupinus spp. L.) forages and seeds grown in Ethiopia

This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Though bitter white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a traditional crop in Ethiopia, sweet lupins are new to the country. As a result, the nutritional value of low-alkaloid lupins has not been evaluated under Ethiopian conditions. Crude protein, amino acid and alkaloid contents of 16 cultivars of three annual lupin species grown in four lupin growing locations (Merawi, Finoteselam, Kossober-1 and Kossober-2) of Ethiopia were evaluated. Location × cultivar interaction was a significant source of variation for all traits (p < 0.0001). In all locations, blue entries had either similar (p ≥ 0.0584) or higher (p ≤ 0.0235) forage crude protein content than the Local Landrace, white group and yellow entry. Compared with the Local Landrace, white and blue entries, the sole yellow entry had higher (p ≤ 0.0148) seed crude protein content at all locations except at Kossober-2, where it had similar (p = 0.8460) crude protein content as white entries. The Local Landrace had the highest forage and seed alkaloid contents. However, sweet blue Vitabor and Sanabor entries had the lowest forage and seed alkaloid contents, respectively. Low alkaloid and higher crude protein contents of sweet lupins grown in Ethiopia show the possibility to use sweet lupin forage and seeds as cheap home-grown protein source for livestock feed and human food in the country. However, for more reliable information, the laboratory results need to be verified by animal and human evaluations of the crop.Peer Reviewe

Opportunities and Challenges for Market Oriented Lupin (Lupinus spp.) Production in Ethiopia

Over recent years, the demand for livestock products in Ethiopia is increasing; most of this demand is coming from urban centers, especially from Addis Ababa, as the buyers are demanding better quality and more hygienic produce. This has fueled interest in better quality animal feed, mainly from larger-scale commercial livestock producers. With this background, there has been interest in stimulating plant-based protein production that can be incorporated into livestock feed. Small quantities of lupins are grown (less than 20,000 ton per year) in the North Western part of Ethiopia for human consumption. These lupins are bitter due to their alkaloid concentration and are unsuitable for livestock feed. If non-bitter (sweet) varieties are grown, then they could be a source of protein for animals as is the case in some countries, such as Australia. The Ethiopian market for livestock feed was surveyed and segmented to evaluate the opportunities for lupins. The survey revealed that the livestock sector in Ethiopia is suffering from feed shortage both in terms of quality and quantity. Lupin, as a potential protein source feed has an opportunity to be incorporated into the livestock feed industry. Currently it is estimated that if sweet lupins were available, the short-term demand from commercial livestock producers and feed processors market segment is 20,000 t/year. In the medium-term, it is expected that as the national poultry production expands, there will be an increased demand from the large feed mill factories to around 35,000 to 40,000 t/year grain for high quality protein such as lupin. It is recommended that the already started sweet lupin promotion in the country has to be done at scale. In addition, production of sweet lupin in Ethiopia should be focused on the commercial farming sector and the marketing should be through the large-scale processors or direct to large-scale livestock producers

Going to scale—From community-based to population-wide genetic improvement and commercialized sheep meat supply in Ethiopia

Community-based breeding programs (CBBPs) have shown, at pilot scale, to be effective and beneficial in achieving genetic progress and in improving livelihoods of smallholder communities. In Ethiopia 134 sheep and goat CBBPs were operational producing their own improved rams and bucks. Based on experience the implementation of further programs is possible with appropriate private and public support. A different challenge is the efficient dissemination of the improved genetics produced in current CBBPs to create population-wide economic impact. We present a framework applied to the Ethiopian Washera sheep breed to meet this challenge. We propose the establishment of a genetic improvement structure that supports a meat commercialization model based on the integration of community-based breeding program cooperatives, client communities and complementary services such as fattening enterprises. We calculated that the recently established 28 community-based breeding programs in the Washera breeding tract can provide genetically improved rams to 22% of the four million head. To reach the whole population 152 additional CBBPs are needed. We simulated the genetic improvements obtainable in the current 28 CBBPs assuming realized genetic progress in CBBPs of a similar breed and calculated the expected additional lamb carcass meat production after 10 years of selection to be 7 tons and the accumulated discounted benefit 327 thousand USD. These benefits could be increased if the CBBPs are linked to client communities by providing them with improved rams: additional meat production would be 138 tons with a value of 3,088 thousand USD. The total meat production of the existingWashera CBBPs was calculated at 152 tons and the joint meat production of CBBPs if integrated with client communities would be 3,495 tons. A full integration model, which includes enterprises purchasing lambs for fattening, can produce up to 4,255 tons of meat. We conclude that Washera CBBPs cooperatives can benefit from a higher level of organization to produce population-wide genetic improvement and economic benefits. Unlike in the dairy and chicken industries, for low input sheep and goat smallholder systems the proposed commercialization model puts breeder cooperatives at the center of the operation. Cooperatives need to be capacitated and supported to become fully functional business ventures.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Mueller, Joaquin Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Haile, Aynalem. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA); EtiopiaFil: Getachew, Tesfaye. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA); EtiopiaFil: Santos, Bruno. AbacusBio Limited; Nueva ZelandaFil: Rekik, Mourad. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA); TunezFil: Belay, Berhanu. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA); EtiopiaFil: Solomon, Dawit. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); EtiopiaFil: Yeheyis, Likawent. Amhara Regional Research Institute (ARARI); EtiopiaFil: Rischkowsky, Barbara. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA); Etiopi

Pangenome of white lupin provides insights into the diversity of the species

White lupin is an old crop with renewed interest due to its seed high protein content and high nutritional value. Despite a long domestication history in the Mediterranean basin, modern breeding efforts have been fairly scarce. Recent sequencing of its genome has provided tools for further description of genetic resources but detailed characterization of genomic diversity is still missing. Here, we report the genome sequencing of 39 accessions that were used to establish a white lupin pangenome. We defined 32 068 core genes that are present in all individuals and 14 822 that are absent in some and may represent a gene pool for breeding for improved productivity, grain quality, and stress adaptation. We used this new pangenome resource to identify candidate genes for alkaloid synthesis, a key grain quality trait. The white lupin pangenome provides a novel genetic resource to better understand how domestication has shaped the genomic variability within this crop. Thus, this pangenome resource is an important step towards the effective and efficient genetic improvement of white lupin to help meet the rapidly growing demand for plant protein sources for human and animal consumption

The magnitude of precancerous cervical lesions and its associated factors among women screened for cervical cancer at a referral center in southern Ethiopia, 2021: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundCervical cancer is the most prevalent gynecologic cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Africa's southern, eastern, and western regions have the highest rates of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is treatable and curable when detected early, but it is nonetheless fatal in low- and middle-income (LMIC) nations where screening and early detection are not widely accessible.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the magnitude of precancerous cervical lesions and their associated factor among women screened for cervical cancer at a referral center in southern Ethiopia, in 2021.MethodsA retrospective institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 21 to April 14, 2022, among randomly selected 372 records of women screened for cervical cancer at Hawassa University Specialized Hospital. Data were extracted from clients' charts using a data extraction checklist. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 and logistic regression analysis were applied to determine the association between dependent and independent variables, and significance was declared at p-value &lt;0.05.ResultsThe magnitude of abnormal cervical dysplasia in this study was 18.3% of which 14% were precancerous cervical lesions and 4.3% were cervical cancer. Early coitarche: Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.6 [95% (confidence interval) CI = 1.87–16.78], having more than one sexual partner: AOR = 2.6 [95% CI = 1.2–5.68], being HIV positive: AOR = 3.56 [95% CI = 1.53–8.29], and having sexually transmitted infections: AOR = 4.64 [95% CI = 2.08–10.35] were independent predictors of precancerous cervical lesions.ConclusionThe magnitude of precancerous cervical lesions in the study setting is 18% and the magnitude of cervical cancer is 14%, which is higher than the pooled prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions in Ethiopia. Having multiple sexual partners, being HIV positive, having sexual intercourse before 21 years, and new STI diagnosis was independently associated with abnormal precancerous cervical lesions

Bridging the gap between sustainability, the regulatory, and the recycling of construction and demolition waste in the UAE, with specific reference to the Emirate of Sharjah

Waste management is currently an inherent part of sustainable construction and, thus, sustainable development. Construction and demolition waste is an issue continuously intensifying in every country. The primary object of this paper is to present issues associated with a gap between sustainable building regulations in the United Arab Emirates, and the recycling facilities such as the Bee’ah facility in Sharjah. Existing construction and demolition waste management has been investigated in terms of available literature as well as for construction sites and the precast concrete factory located in Sharjah