Microbiota and bile acid profiles in retinoic acid-primed mice that exhibit accelerated liver regeneration.

Background & aimsAll-trans Retinoic acid (RA) regulates hepatic lipid and bile acid homeostasis. Similar to bile acid (BA), RA accelerates partial hepatectomy (PHx)-induced liver regeneration. Because there is a bidirectional regulatory relationship between gut microbiota and BA synthesis, we examined the effect of RA in altering the gut microbial population and BA composition and established their relationship with hepatic biological processes during the active phases of liver regeneration.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were treated with RA orally followed by 2/3 PHx. The roles of RA in shifting gut microbiota and BA profiles as well as hepatocyte metabolism and proliferation were studied.ResultsRA-primed mice exhibited accelerated hepatocyte proliferation revealed by higher numbers of Ki67-positive cells compared to untreated mice. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla dominated the gut microbial community (>85%) in both control and RA-primed mice after PHx. RA reduced the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, which was associated with a lean phenotype. Consistently, RA-primed mice lacked transient lipid accumulation normally found in regenerating livers. In addition, RA altered BA homeostasis and shifted BA profiles by increasing the ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic BAs in regenerating livers. Accordingly, metabolic regulators fibroblast growth factor 21, Sirtuin1, and their downstream targets AMPK and ERK1/2 were more robustly activated in RA-primed than unprimed regenerating livers.ConclusionsPriming mice with RA resulted in a lean microbiota composition and hydrophilic BA profiles, which were associated with facilitated metabolism and enhanced cell proliferation

A Successful Experience of Traceability System for the Case of Yin Chuan Organic Farm in Taiwan

In Taiwan, the traceability system (TS) of whole food chain is in infantile time. Yin Chuan Organic Farm, constituted by the team of rice production and marketing (TRPM), is the first brand in Taiwan rice market. The leader of TRPM is not only to produce the premising rice quality, but also to implement the (TS) that was introduced by Taiwan government with a great result and could be a successful experience passed to other proprietors. The findings of this paper are listed as following: 1. The TS executed by the case is only emphasized on the production side that needs to build more detailed marketing side. 2. The key successful factor to get sound TS model is to have obvious purposes and system harmony.traceability system, food safety, organic food, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Agribusiness, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,