Fault Troubleshooting Using Bayesian Network and Multicriteria Decision Analysis

Fault troubleshooting aims to diagnose and repair faults at the highest efficacy and a minimum cost. The efficacy depends on multiple criteria like fault probability, cost, time, and risk of a repair action. This paper proposes a novel fault troubleshooting approach by combining Bayesian network with multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA). Automobile engine start-up failure is used as a case study. Bayesian network is employed to establish fault diagnostic model for reasoning and calculating standard values of uncertain criteria like fault probability. MCDA is adopted to integrate the influence of the four criteria and calculate utility value of the actions in each troubleshooting step. The approach enables a cost-saving, high efficient, and low risky troubleshooting

Enhanced Neuroactivation during Working Memory Task in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Hormone Therapy: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis

Background and Aim: Hormone therapy (HT) has long been thought beneficial for controlling menopausal symptoms and human cognition. Studies have suggested that HT has a positive association with working memory, but no consistent relationship between HT and neural activity has been shown in any cognitive domain. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the convergence of findings from published randomized control trials studies that examined brain activation changes in postmenopausal women. Methods: A systematic search for fMRI studies of neural responses during working memory tasks in postmenopausal women was performed. Studies were excluded if they were not treatment studies and did not contain placebo or blank controls. For the purpose of the meta-analysis, 8 studies were identified, with 103 postmenopausal women taking HT and 109 controls. Results: Compared with controls, postmenopausal women who took HT increased activation in the left frontal lobe, including superior frontal gyrus (BA 8), right middle frontal gyrus (BA 9), anterior lobe, paracentral lobule (BA 7), limbic lobe, and anterior cingulate (BA 32). Additionally, decreased activation is noted in the right limbic lobe, including parahippocampal gyrus (BA 28), left parietal lobe, and superior parietal lobule (BA 7). All regions were significant at p ≤ 0.05 with correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusion: Hormone treatment is associated with BOLD signal activation in key anatomical areas during fMRI working memory tasks in healthy hormone-treated postmenopausal women. A positive correlation between activation and task performance suggests that hormone use may benefit working memory

Unique post-translational oxime formation in the biosynthesis of the azolemycin complex of novel ribosomal peptides from Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.264

Streptomycetes are a rich source of bioactive specialized metabolites, including several examples of the rapidly growing class of ribosomally-biosynthesized and post-translationally-modified peptide (RiPP) natural products. Here we report the discovery from Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.264 of azolemycins A–D, a complex of novel linear azole-containing peptides incorporating a unique oxime functional group. Bioinformatics analysis of the Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.264 draft genome sequence identified a cluster of genes that was hypothesized to be responsible for elaboration of the azolemycins from a ribosomally-biosynthesized precursor. Inactivation of genes within this cluster abolished azolemycin production, consistent with this hypothesis. Moreover, mutants lacking the azmE and azmF genes accumulated azolemycin derivatives lacking the O-methyl groups and an amino group in place of the N-terminal oxime (as well as proteolysed derivatives), respectively. Thus AzmE, a putative S-adenosyl methionine-dependent methyl transferase, is responsible for late-stage O-methylation reactions in azolemycin biosynthesis and AzmF, a putative flavin-dependent monooxygenase, catalyzes oxidation of the N-terminal amino group in an azolemycin precursor to the corresponding oxime. To the best of our knowledge, oxime formation is a hitherto unknown posttranslational modification in RiPP biosynthesis

Combined 13C-assisted metabolomics and metabolic flux analysis reveals the impacts of glutamate on the central metabolism of high β-galactosidase-producing Pichia pastoris

BACKGROUND: Pichia pastoris is a popular recombinant protein expression system for its accessibility of efficient gene manipulation and high protein production. Sufficient supply of precursors, energy, and redox cofactors is crucial for high recombinant protein production. In our present work, we found that the addition of glutamate improved the recombinant β-galactosidase (β-gal) production by P. pastoris G1HL. METHODS: To elucidate the impacts of glutamate on the central metabolism in detail, a combined (13)C-assisted metabolomics and (13)C metabolic flux analysis was conducted based on LC–MS/MS and GC–MS data. RESULTS: The pool sizes of intracellular amino acids were obviously higher on glucose/glutamate (Glc/Glu). The fluxes in EMP entry reaction and in downstream TCA cycle were 50 and 67% higher on Glc/Glu than on Glc, respectively. While the fluxes in upstream TCA cycle kept almost unaltered, the fluxes in PPP oxidative branch decreased. CONCLUSION: The addition of glutamate leads to a remarkable change on the central metabolism of high β-galactosidase-producing P. pastoris G1HL. To meet the increased demands of redox cofactors and energy for higher β-galactosidase production on Glc/Glu, P. pastoris G1HL redistributes the fluxes in central metabolism through the inhibitions and/or activation of the enzymes in key nodes together with the energy and redox status. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40643-016-0124-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Experimental Research of Body Functional Training on Promoting Physical Quality of College Students

After being introduced into China, body functional training has been widely applied to the training of high-level athletes (Wang & Liu, 2014; Cui & Qiu, 2013). However, it is still in the exploratory stage in college teaching. In this research, body functional training was designed for the physical characteristics of ordinary college students, and the physical health status of students was monitored in order to understand the promoting effect of body functional training on college students\u27 physical quality. It also provides theoretical and data support for the continuous improvement of body functional training courses. The research process was approved by the institutional review board of Zhengzhou University. Participants were 50 freshmen (non-physical education major, 17-19 years) enrolled into a college in central China. Among them, 25 students (13 female students and 12 male students) were selected as one group. The experimental group and the control group were given body functional training and normal physical exercise for 12 weeks (2 times a week, 1 hour each time), while the other physical activities of each group were the same. Physical fitness test and physical fitness item test were conducted before and after the experiment. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to conduct paired T-test on the data before and after the experiment, and independent sample T-test was conducted on the data before and after the experiment. In terms of physical health, there was no significant difference in body weight and forced vital capacity in the control group (P \u3e 0.05), but significant change in body weight (P \u3c 0.05) and significant increase in FVC (P \u3c 0.01) were observed in the experimental group. From the perspective of physical fitness, the results of the control group showed an improvement trend but not reached a statistical significance (P \u3e 0.05), while the flexibility of the experimental group showed a very significant change (P \u3c 0.01), the strength of lower limbs and upper limbs increased significantly (P \u3c 0.05), and the endurance improved significantly (P \u3c 0.05). The differences between the experimental group and the control group were statistically significant. Body functional training can improve the physical fitness of college students and has a positive effect on improving their physical fitness. In addition, body functional training can be used as an effective training method in college physical education. However, due to the limited of time and ability, experiments were conducted for only 12 weeks, future researchers could make more detailed studies on this training method

3-(Phenylcarbamoyl)acrylic acid

In the title compound, C(10)H(9)NO(3), the dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the amide group is 10.8 (2)°. The C=O and O—H bonds of the carboxyl group adopt an anti orientation and an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond closes an S(7) ring. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into C(7) chains propagating in [101]. The packing is consolidated by C—H⋯O inter­actions, generating sheets aligned at an angle of ca 60° with the bc plane

What Type of Social Support Is Important for Student Resilience During COVID-19? A Latent Profile Analysis

In the face of the sudden outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), some students showed resilience in coping with difficulties while some did not. While different types of students showed different levels of resilience, are there significant characteristics among students with similar levels of resilience? In this study, 3,454 students (aged 15–25 years) were surveyed to understand students' perceived social support-coping modes while investigating the demographic characteristics and mental health status of subclasses of different modes. We found that (1) in the two subgroups of students with extremely low and low levels of perceived social support, the source of students' perceived social support did not have a clear orientation; in the two subgroups with moderate and high levels of perceived social support, the most perceived emotional support was from family and friends, while the least perceived support was companionship from teachers, classmates, and relatives, and problems related to the dependability of friends and communication with family. (2) The degree of social support perceived by students is directly proportional to the coping tendency, i.e., as the degree of perceived social support increases, the proportion of students adopting active coping strategies increases while that of students adopting negative coping strategies decreases; thus, we concluded that high levels of emotional support from family and friends can increase students' tendency of adopting positive strategies to cope with difficulties, while problems related to the dependability of friends and communication with family decrease students' tendency of adopting positive coping strategies. (3) Gender had a significant impact on the extremely low and low levels of perceived social support-negative coping tendencies; these subgroups accounted for 34.6% of the total students. Gender showed no significant influence on other subgroups, a school type had no impact on the distribution of the subgroups. (4) The higher the degree of perceived social support, the lower is the degree of students' general anxiety, and the lower is the degree of impact by the COVID-19 pandemic. The subdivision of student groups allows us to design more targeted support programmes for students with different psychological characteristics to help them alleviate stress during the COVID-19 epidemic

Effects of Breccias and Round Gravels on Steep Cut Slope Runoff and Sediment Yield Under Simulated Rainfall

[Objective] The effects of breccias and round gravels on steep cut slope infiltration, runoff, sediment yield, and hydrodynamic characteristics were analyzed in order to provide a theoretical basis for a soil erosion prediction model and soil conservation on a steep cut slope on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. [Methods] Based on the shape and material composition of a steep cut slope and on climatic characteristics along the Pai-Mo road, the cut slope runoff and sediment yield process was observed by using indoor simulated rainfall experiments. The experimental conditions were 50° slope, 120 mm/h rainfall intensity, different gravel contents (30%, 40%, 50%), and different gravel roundness (pebble, breccia). [Results] The average infiltration rate for the pebble slope was higher than for the breccia slope. The average runoff rate for the pebble slope was lower than for the breccia slope. The initial runoff time for the pebble slope was significantly later than for the breccia slope. The water flow state and pattern for both slopes were laminar and jet, respectively. Although the runoff shear force and Reynolds number for the pebble slope was slightly smaller than for the breccia slope, the Froude number and the average flow velocity for the pebble slope were larger than for the breccia slope. Therefore, the ability of runoff to carry sediment was greater for the pebble slope. The sediment yield rate for the pebble slope was double the rate observed for the breccia slope, and the total sediment yield for the pebble slope was about 20% higher than for the breccia slope. [Conclusion] Because pebbles do not fit closely together in the soil, they are more likely to cause turbulence under heavy rainfall, causing small annular rills to form centered on the pebbles scattered all over the pebble slope. The rill density and total sediment yield will be greater for a steep cut slope underlain by alluvial deposits than for a steep cut slope underlain by colluvial deposits