The citric acid leaching of boron process wastes

Avec les usines de bore appartenant a ETI Mine Operations concentrees en Anatolie occidentale, la Turquie possede les plus grandes reserves de bore au monde (73.6%). Les dechets annuels des usines de bore ont une teneur en B2O3 superieure a la quantite de matiere premiere brut de plusieurs regions du monde. Ces dechets, dont l'abondance augmente a chaque annee, engendrent d'autres problemes environnementaux, en plus des problemes de stockage des barrages/etangs de dechets. Pour cette raison, il est essentiel de recuperer ces dechets. Dans cette etude, on a effectue des essais d'optimisation concernant la production d'acide borique a partir d'un acide organique dans le procede d'utilisation des dechets (8-12% B2O3) de borate (Ca/Na-Ca) de l'usine de bore Bal|kesir/Bigadic. Dans ce but, on a utilise la technique de Yates (ANOVA) dans les experiences avec un rapport de solides de 8 a 12% en poids, une temperature de 40 a 80oC, une duree de lixiviation de 20 a 60 minutes et une concentration d'acide citrique de 0.15 a 0.45 M. Selon les resultats de l'essai d'optimisation, on a identifie des efficacites de recuperation de 90 a 95% et des valeurs de consommation nette d'acide (NAC) ont ete determinees a 22-86 kg/t. Des etudes de caracterisation telles que des analyses FT-IR, SEM, XRD Rietveld et XRF ont egalement ete realisees sur des echantillons de minerai brut (dechets primaires) et de dechets traites

Characterization of the effects of acetic acid on the recovery of valuable contents from flotation tailings of non-sulfide metals

Non-sulfide lead flotation tailings draw attention in terms of their valuable contents. Dissolution studies have been carried out with strong inorganic acids, especially in ore form, but these acids have been unfavorable in removal in the context of metal recovery processes. Organic acids, on the other hand, are notable for their environmentally friendly properties and selective metal recovery opportunities. In this study, the effects of acetic acid on metal recovery from oxidized waste were investigated with different experimental parameters at a laboratory scale. Optimal conditions were determined depending on the increase in acetic acid concentration. At 0.75-1.0 M acid concentrations, 49-55% Pb and 49-54% Zn recovery efficiencies were obtained with grades of 7.0-7.2% and 19.5-19.7%, respectively. The recovery of Pb/Zn by the leaching process with acetic acid and the selective nonrecovery of iron were also observed through characterization studies. With the Rietveld XRD method, an increase in iron minerals such as goethite and a decrease in smithsonite-hydrozincite minerals were determined. These changes were seen as a decrease in the contents of these minerals in SEM/EDX analysis and as a decrease in smithsonite mineral bond structures in the FT-IR analysis. This study showed that acetic acid has many advantages in the utilization of zinc-lead-containing oxide flotation tailings, which have high economic value, such as selective metal recovery, easy biodegradability, environmental friendliness, and non-corrosiveness.Havadan MiningThe author wishes to thank Havadan Mining for their support

The Effect of Roasting on the Mineralogical Structure and Cyanidation Performance of Gossan Type Oxidized Refractory Gold-Silver Ores

This article includes the application of roasting pretreatment by assisting the cyanidation process in the recovery of Au-Ag from Bolkardag Gossan refractory ore and the characterization studies of the ore, roasting sample, and post-cyanidation waste sample. While ore contained many metals along with gold and silver, the environment in which these metals were found was carbonate, sulfated, silicated, and iron oxide-containing deposits that have undergone oxidation. In mineralogical studies, there were Fe oxy/oxyhydroxides, Pb/Zn carbonates, and jarosite-bearing structures such as beudantite, calcite, dolomite, clay, and quartz in the ore. The sample used in the experiments was d(80) = 29.6 & mu;m, and the test parameters were determined by examining the TG analysis made to the ore. Preroasting experiments were carried out at a roasting temperature range of 200-800 & DEG;C, during a roasting period of 10.0 min. Three different samples were characterized by TG for temperature changes, FT-IR for bond structures and permeability, SEM/EDX for visual inspection of structural changes, and XRD Rietveld's analysis for mineral % content differences. As a result of the cyanidation experiments carried out after the pretreatment, gold was recovered with 80-90% yields and silver with 40-48% yields, respectively.Scientific Research Projects Directorate of NOHU [MMT 2019/03 BAGEP]This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Directorate of NOHU under the MMT 2019/03 BAGEP. The authors wish to thank Guemuestas Mining for the sample supply, as well as the managers of the NOHU Central Research Laboratory for the provision of laboratory facilities for the experiments

Evaluating the grinding process of granitic rocks using the physico-mechanical and mineralogical properties

Granitic rocks are sometimes ground for different purposes. Predicting the mean particle size (d(50)) is useful for planning and cost estimation of purposes. In order to investigate the possibility of predicting the d(50) of ground rock from the physico-mechanical rock properties, six different granites were tested in the laboratory. First, the d(50) values were correlated with the corresponding physico-mechanical properties. The simple regression analysis showed that there were no good correlations between the d(50) and the physico-mechanical properties. Then, the multiple regression analysis was carried out and strong prediction equations were developed. It was also shown that the dominant parameter in grinding was the abrasive mineral content of rock. It is concluded that the d50 of granites can be predicted from the derived multiple regression equations especially for preliminary investigations. The developed estimation equations including index test values are especially useful since they are easy to use.Scientific Research Project Unit of Omer Halisdemir University [FEB 2008/10]This study has been supported by the Scientific Research Project Unit of Omer Halisdemir University, under project number FEB 2008/10

Taming the terminological tempest in invasion science

\ua9 2024 The Authors. Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society. Standardised terminology in science is important for clarity of interpretation and communication. In invasion science – a dynamic and rapidly evolving discipline – the proliferation of technical terminology has lacked a standardised framework for its development. The result is a convoluted and inconsistent usage of terminology, with various discrepancies in descriptions of damage and interventions. A standardised framework is therefore needed for a clear, universally applicable, and consistent terminology to promote more effective communication across researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers. Inconsistencies in terminology stem from the exponential increase in scientific publications on the patterns and processes of biological invasions authored by experts from various disciplines and countries since the 1990s, as well as publications by legislators and policymakers focusing on practical applications, regulations, and management of resources. Aligning and standardising terminology across stakeholders remains a challenge in invasion science. Here, we review and evaluate the multiple terms used in invasion science (e.g. ‘non-native’, ‘alien’, ‘invasive’ or ‘invader’, ‘exotic’, ‘non-indigenous’, ‘naturalised’, ‘pest’) to propose a more simplified and standardised terminology. The streamlined framework we propose and translate into 28 other languages is based on the terms (i) ‘non-native’, denoting species transported beyond their natural biogeographic range, (ii) ‘established non-native’, i.e. those non-native species that have established self-sustaining populations in their new location(s) in the wild, and (iii) ‘invasive non-native’ – populations of established non-native species that have recently spread or are spreading rapidly in their invaded range actively or passively with or without human mediation. We also highlight the importance of conceptualising ‘spread’ for classifying invasiveness and ‘impact’ for management. Finally, we propose a protocol for classifying populations based on (i) dispersal mechanism, (ii) species origin, (iii) population status, and (iv) impact. Collectively and without introducing new terminology, the framework that we present aims to facilitate effective communication and collaboration in invasion science and management of non-native species

New Records Of Kizilirmaktoothcarp, Aphanius Marassantensis From Central Yesilirmak River Basin (Turkey)

New records of Aphaniusmarassantensis were given for Yesilirmak River Basin in this note. The species was originally described from Kizilirmak River Basin and was accordingly named as Kizilirmaktoothcarp. Its occurrence in Yesilirmak has once been mentioned for the delta area but not verified. In this study, a population of A. marassantensis was reported from the inner central part of the Yesilirmak River Basin.WoSScopu

First Record Of The Giant Pangasius, Pangasius Sanitwongsei (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes: Pangasiidae), From Central Anatolia, Turkey

Occurrence of ornamental freshwater fishes in aquatic environments has been increasing in recent years. In this study, we reported incidental wild-caught adult specimens of giant catfish, Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith, 1931, from the Sakarya River Basin in central Anatolia. This record is new for Turkish freshwaters and indicates the need for public awareness on illegal fish release and introductions as well as for preparing a sound regulation for the aquarium trade.WoSScopu

MECHANO-ACTIVATED SURFACE MODIFICATION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE IN STIRRED MILL

10th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2010 -- JUN 20-26, 2010 -- Albena, BULGARIAWOS: 000288623600086The industrial importance of calcium carbonate as a filler in composite materials such as plastics, textiles, rubbers, paints, pigments and paper is well recognized and the application in the polymer industry is increasing. Therefore, surface modification is a key process in functional calcium carbonate powder preperation. In this study, surface modification of calcium carbonate particles, obtained Nigde region, using sodium stearate (SDS) and sodium oleate (SO) as modification agents incorporated with the simultaneous wet ultra-fine grinding in the laboratory horizontal stirred mill was investigated. The results indicate that the hydrophilic surface of calcium carbonate is turned into hydrophobic after modification with the reagents.Minist Environm & Water Bulgaria, Bulgarian Acad Sci, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Acad Sci IR Iran, Latvian Acad Sci, Polish Acad Sci, Russian Acad Sci, Serbian Acad Sci & Arts (SASA), Slovak Acad Sci, Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Bulgarian Ind Asso

Surface modification of calcite by wet-stirred ball milling and its properties

WOS: 000296126300006This paper investigates the surface modification of calcite from the Nigde region of Turkey with sodium oleate (SDO) as a modification agent, which is incorporated into the calcite with wet ultra-fine grinding in a laboratory stirred ball mill. The effect of surface modification is evaluated by a floating test, which measures the active ratio (AR), fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT/IR) and thermogravity analyses (TG-DTA). The results indicate that the hydrophilic surface of calcite becomes hydrophobic after the incorporation of SOD through wet-stirred ball milling. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Nigde University [FEB2009/09]; NIGTAS limited company, Nigde, TURKEYThis work was supported by Nigde University, Scientific Research Projects Directorate (BAP), Project FEB2009/09. The authors would like to thank Nigde University and the NIGTAS limited company, Nigde, TURKEY, for their participation and support in this work