New Supernova Candidates from SDSS-DR7 of Spectral Survey

The letter presents 25 discovered supernova candidates from SDSS-DR7 with our dedicated method, called Sample Decrease, and 10 of them were confirmed by other research groups, and listed in this letter. Another 15 are first discovered including 14 type Ia and one type II based on Supernova Identification (SNID) analysis. The results proved that our method is reliable, and the description of the method and some detailed spectra analysis procedures were also presented in this letter.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Nondeterminstic ultrafast ground state cooling of a mechanical resonator

We present an ultrafast feasible scheme for ground state cooling of a mechanical resonator via repeated random time-interval measurements on an auxiliary flux qubit. We find that the ground state cooling can be achieved with \emph{several} such measurements. The cooling efficiency hardly depends on the time-intervals between any two consecutive measurements. The scheme is also robust against environmental noises.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Probing Primordial Gravitational Waves: Ali CMB Polarization Telescope

In this paper, we will give a general introduction to the project of Ali CMB Polarization Telescope (AliCPT), which is a Sino-US joint project led by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and has involved many different institutes in China. It is the first ground-based Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization experiment in China and an integral part of China's Gravitational Waves Program. The main scientific goal of AliCPT project is to probe the primordial gravitational waves (PGWs) originated from the very early Universe. The AliCPT project includes two stages. The first stage referred to as AliCPT-1, is to build a telescope in the Ali region of Tibet with an altitude of 5,250 meters. Once completed, it will be the worldwide highest ground-based CMB observatory and open a new window for probing PGWs in northern hemisphere. AliCPT-1 telescope is designed to have about 7,000 TES detectors at 90GHz and 150GHz. The second stage is to have a more sensitive telescope (AliCPT-2) with the number of detectors more than 20,000. Our simulations show that AliCPT will improve the current constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ by one order of magnitude with 3 years' observation. Besides the PGWs, the AliCPT will also enable a precise measurement on the CMB rotation angle and provide a precise test on the CPT symmetry. We show 3 years' observation will improve the current limit by two order of magnitude.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 2 table

Electronic structure, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of ThN from first-principles calculations

Lattice parameter, electronic structure, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of ThN are systematically studied using the projector-augmented-wave method and the generalized gradient approximation based on the density functional theory. The calculated electronic structure indicates the important contributions of Th 6\emph{d}and 5\emph{f} states to the Fermi-level electron occupation. Through Bader analysis it is found that the effective valencies in ThN can be represented as Th$^{+1.82}$ N$^{-1.82}$. Elastic constant calculations shows that ThN is mechanically stable and elastically anisotropic. Furthermore, the melting curve of ThN is presented up to 120 GPa. Based on the phonon dispersion data, our calculated specific heat capacities including both lattice and conduction-electron contributions agree well with experimental results in a wide range of temperature.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

Cationic Polystyrene Resolves Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Obesity, and Metabolic Disorders by Promoting Eubiosis of Gut Microbiota and Decreasing Endotoxemia.

A pandemic of metabolic diseases, consisting of type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity, has imposed critical challenges for societies worldwide, prompting investigation of underlying mechanisms and exploration of low-cost and effective treatment. In this report, we demonstrate that metabolic disorders in mice generated by feeding with a high-fat diet without dietary vitamin D can be prevented by oral administration of polycationic amine resin. Oral administration of cholestyramine, but not the control uncharged polystyrene, was able to sequester negatively charged bacterial endotoxin in the gut, leading to 1) reduced plasma endotoxin levels, 2) resolved systemic inflammation and hepatic steatohepatitis, and 3) improved insulin sensitivity. Gut dysbiosis, characterized as an increase of the phylum Firmicutes and a decrease of Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia muciniphila, was fully corrected by cholestyramine, indicating that the negatively charged components in the gut are critical for the dysbiosis. Furthermore, fecal bacteria transplant, derived from cholestyramine-treated animals, was sufficient to antagonize the metabolic disorders of the recipient mice. These results indicate that the negatively charged components produced by dysbiosis are critical for biogenesis of metabolic disorders and also show a potential application of cationic polystyrene to treat metabolic disorders through promoting gut eubiosis

A State Space Differential Reproducing Kernel Method for the Buckling Analysis of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composite Circular Hollow Cylinders

A state space differential reproducing kernel (DRK) method is developed for the three-dimensional (3D) buckling analysis of simply-supported, carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNTRC) circular hollow cylinders and laminated composite ones under axial compression. The single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polymer are used as the reinforcements and matrix, respectively, to constitute the CNTRC cylinder. Three different distributions of CNTs varying in the thickness direction are considered (i.e., the uniform distribution and functionally graded rhombus-, and X-type ones), and the through-thickness distributions of effective material properties of the cylinder are determined using the rule of mixtures. The 3D linear buckling theory is used, in which a set of membrane stresses is assumed to exist in the cylinder just before instability occurs, and this is regarded as the initial stresses introduced in the formulation. The Euler-Lagrange equations perturbed from the state of neutral equilibrium are derived using the Reissner mixed variational theorem. The primary field variables, displacement and transverse stress components, are expanded as the single Fourier series in the circumferential coordinate, and then interpolated in the axial coordinate using DRK interpolation functions. Finally, the state space equations of this problem are obtained, which represent a system of ordinary differential equations in the thickness coordinate. The state space DRK solutions of the critical load parameters of the cylinder can thus be obtained by means of the transfer matrix method combined with the successive approximation one, and the convergence and accuracy of the state space DRK solutions are validated by comparing these solutions with exact 3D ones available in the literature and approximate 3D ones obtained using the ANSYS software