Detection of Rutin in Flower Buds of Sophora japonica by Using Chitosan-Based Carbon Dot Paper Chip

Based on the selective quenching effect of the flavonoid rutin on the fluorescence of carbon dots prepared by asparagine pyrolysis, a method for rapid detection of rutin content in the flower buds of Sophora japonica by using chitosan-based carbon dot paper chip was developed. A filter paper was immersed in the casting solution of carbon dots and chitosan. After drying, a carbon dot chitosan film was formed on the surface of the filter paper, so that the chitosan-based carbon dot paper chip was obtained. After samples were dripped on the chip, chromogenic reaction occurred uniformly within a limited region, and pictures were taken under an ultraviolet (UV) lamp at 365 nm for analysis of the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) values of the colored spots in order to optimize the preparation conditions and detection conditions. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: chitosan concentration of 20 mg/mL, carbon spot concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, 50% ethanol as sample solvent, and reaction time of 20 min. Under these conditions, the difference (ΔG) in G-value between sample and solvent spots had a linear relationship with rutin concentration (C) in the range of 4 to 120 mg/mL. Using this method, the average contents of rutin in the flower buds of S. japonica from three batches were determined to be 23.85%, 22.83% and 20.30%, the average relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 6.1%, 5.6% and 6.7%, and the recoveries were 91.27% to 107.5%, which were close to the results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The proposed method is simple and rapid, and can be used for rapid on-site determination of rutin content in the flower buds of S. japonica

Nonrelativistic and nonmagnetic control of terahertz charge currents via electrical anisotropy in RuO2 and IrO2

Precise and ultrafast control over photo-induced charge currents across nanoscale interfaces could lead to important applications in energy harvesting, ultrafast electronics, and coherent terahertz sources. Recent studies have shown that several relativistic mechanisms, including inverse spin-Hall effect, inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect and inverse spin-orbit-torque effect, can convert longitudinally injected spin-polarized currents from magnetic materials to transverse charge currents, thereby harnessing these currents for terahertz generation. However, these mechanisms typically require external magnetic fields and suffer from low spin-polarization rates and low efficiencies of relativistic spin-to-charge conversion. In this work, we present a novel nonrelativistic and nonmagnetic mechanism that directly utilizes the photo-excited high-density charge currents across the interface. We demonstrate that the electrical anisotropy of conductive oxides RuO2 and IrO2 can effectively deflect injected charge currents to the transverse direction, resulting in efficient and broadband terahertz radiation. Importantly, this new mechanism has the potential to offer much higher conversion efficiency compared to previous methods, as conductive materials with large electrical anisotropy are readily available, whereas further increasing the spin-Hall angle of heavy-metal materials would be challenging. Our new findings offer exciting possibilities for directly utilizing these photo-excited high-density currents across metallic interfaces for ultrafast electronics and terahertz spectroscopy

Mean Platelet Volume (MPV): New diagnostic indices for co-morbidity of Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are global health diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Few studies have focused on platelet indices in TB-DM coinfection patients. The objective of this work was to analyze the platelet indices in TB, DM and TB-DM patients to assess the predictive value of the platelet index for the risk of these diseases.Methods: In total, 246 patients admitted to our hospital were distributed into three groups (113 TB, 59 DM and 74 TB+DM). A total of 133 individuals were also recruited as healthy controls (HC). Platelet indices, namely, platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW), were compared among the four groups, and the relationship with inflammatory markers was explored by using statistical software.Results: Our study discovered that MPV and PCT were significantly downregulated in TB+DM patients (9.95±1.25 fL, 0.20±0.05%, P&lt;0.0001, P=0.0121, separately) compared with DM individuals (10.92±1.17 fL, 0.22±0.04%). Moreover, the changes in MPV were significantly higher in TB+DM patients (9.95±1.25 fL, P=0.0041) than in TB patients (9.42±1.01 fL). No differences were found in PLT and PDW among the four groups (P&gt;0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of MPV in the differential diagnosis of DM patients vs TB+DM patients were 64.9% and 66.1% (P&lt;0.0001), respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity of MPV between TB patients and TB+DM patients was 60.8% and 66.4%, respectively (P=0.003). MPV improved the diagnosis sensitivity when it was combined with clinical parameters, such as fasting blood glucose in DM and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture result in TB (76.3% vs 64.9%, 72.6% vs 60.8%, P&lt;0.0001, P=0.001, respectively). In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of PCT in the differential diagnosis of DM patients vs TB+DM patients were 69.5% and 59.4%, respectively (P=0.008). PCT improved the diagnosis sensitivity when combined with fasting blood glucose in DM (72.9% vs 64.9%, P=0.004). In addition, MPV was linked to CRP (C-reactive protein) [Ed1] and ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) in the TB+DM patients (r = 0.3203, P =0.0054, r = 0.2504, P=0.0307) but PCT was not (r = 0.1905, r = 0.008675, P&gt;0.05, respectively).Conclusions: Our research shows that MPV and PCT might be good clinical laboratory markers to distinguish TB+DM patients from TB or DM individuals, thus providing support for earlier clinical diagnosis, prevention, and therapy.When defining abbreviations and acronyms, please be consistent in whether it is the abbreviated or spelled-out form that appears in parentheses. Some journals request a specific style, so please review the journal's guidelines.</jats:p

Prediction of flow noise around a cylinder based on Large-Eddy Simulation and acoustic analogy method

In this article, a hybrid method combining large eddy simulation with acoustic analogy is presented to predict three-dimensional far field noise induced by flow around a cylinder. Firstly, the governing equation including RANS equations with shear-stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulent model is numerically solved for steady flow field by using Ansys Fluent. Transient flow field is numerically solved by LES. Then, the flow field simulation results are used to compute the flow-induced noise with the FW-H integral equation method and BEM method based on Lighthill acoustic analogy equation in Actran. Before using for flow around a cylinder, accuracy of flow turbulent model in predicting turbulent flow around a cylinder is tested by comparing with available experimental data. According on the simulation result, the characteristic of the acoustic field, noise at some special points in frequency domain, the noise radiation directivity are studied. Analysis of noise distribution and frequency spectrum curves shows that dipole source takes the dominant place in the noise around a cylinder under the conditions of this article. The flow noise around a cylinder is mainly concentrated in the low frequency range

Mean Platelet Volume (MPV): New diagnostic indices for co-morbidity of Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are global health diseases with high morbidity and lethality . Few studies had focus on the platelet indices in TB-DM co-morbidity patients. The objective of this work was to analyze the platelet indices in TB, DM and TB+DM to assess the predictive value of platelet index for the risk of these diseases. Methods: In total, 246 patients were distribute d into three groups (113 TB, 59 DM and 74 TB+DM) admitted in our hospital along with 133 healthy controls (HC). Platelet indices namely platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW) were compared among the four groups and explored the relationship with inflammatory markers by using statistical software. Results: Our study discovered that MPV and PCT were significantly down-expressed in TB+DM patients (9.95±1.25fL, 0.20±0.05%, P &lt;0.0001, P =0.0121, separately ) than those in DM individuals (10.92±1.17fL, 0.22±0.04%). Moreover, on comparison of TB (9.42±1.01fL), the changes of MPV were significantly higher in TB+DM patients (9.95±1.25fL, P =0.0041). No differences were found in PLT and PDW among the four groups ( P &gt;0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of MPV in differential diagnosis of DM patients vs TB+DM patients were defined as 64.9% and 66.1% ( P &lt;0.0001), as well as 60.8% and 66.4% of MPV in differ from TB patients and TB+DM patients ( P =0.003). MPV improved the diagnosis sensitivity when combined with clinical golden parameters as fasting blood glucose in DM and mycobacterium tuberculosis culture result in TB. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of PCT in the differential diagnosis of DM patients vs TB+DM patients were defined as 69.5% and 59.4% ( P =0.008). PCT improved the diagnosis sensitivity when combined with fasting blood glucose in DM (72.9% vs 64.9%, P =0.004). In addition, MPV was connected with CRP and ESR in the TB+DM patients rather than PCT. Conclusions: Our research shows that MPV and PCT might be the clinical laboratory markers distinguished TB+DM patients from TB or DM individuals, thus providing support for earlier clinical diagnosis, prevention, and therapy.</jats:p