Controlling phase separation of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate by confinement

We point out that the widely accepted condition g11g22<g122 for phase separation of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate is insufficient if kinetic energy is taken into account, which competes against the intercomponent interaction and favors phase mixing. Here g11, g22, and g12 are the intra- and intercomponent interaction strengths, respectively. Taking a d-dimensional infinitely deep square well potential of width L as an example, a simple scaling analysis shows that if d=1 (d=3), phase separation will be suppressed as L\rightarrow0 (L\rightarrow\infty) whether the condition g11g22<g122 is satisfied or not. In the intermediate case of d=2, the width L is irrelevant but again phase separation can be partially or even completely suppressed even if g11g22<g122. Moreover, the miscibility-immiscibility transition is turned from a first-order one into a second-order one by the kinetic energy. All these results carry over to d-dimensional harmonic potentials, where the harmonic oscillator length {\xi}ho plays the role of L. Our finding provides a scenario of controlling the miscibility-immiscibility transition of a two-component condensate by changing the confinement, instead of the conventional approach of changing the values of the g's.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

A Common Variant in CLDN14 is Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Bone Mineral Density.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), a chronic autoimmune liver disease, has been associated with increased incidence of osteoporosis. Intriguingly, two PBC susceptibility loci identified through genome-wide association studies are also involved in bone mineral density (BMD). These observations led us to investigate the genetic variants shared between PBC and BMD. We evaluated 72 genome-wide significant BMD SNPs for association with PBC using two European GWAS data sets (n = 8392), with replication of significant findings in a Chinese cohort (685 cases, 1152 controls). Our analysis identified a novel variant in the intron of the CLDN14 gene (rs170183, Pfdr = 0.015) after multiple testing correction. The three associated variants were followed-up in the Chinese cohort; one SNP rs170183 demonstrated consistent evidence of association in diverse ethnic populations (Pcombined = 2.43 × 10(-5)). Notably, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data revealed that rs170183 was correlated with a decline in CLDN14 expression in both lymphoblastoid cell lines and T cells (Padj = 0.003 and 0.016, respectively). In conclusion, our study identified a novel PBC susceptibility variant that has been shown to be strongly associated with BMD, highlighting the potential of pleiotropy to improve gene discovery

Health-related quality of life as measured with EQ-5D among populations with and without specific chronic conditions: A population-based survey in Shaanxi province, China

© 2013 Tan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as measured by EQ-5D and to investigate the influence of chronic conditions and other risk factors on HRQoL based on a distributed sample located in Shaanxi Province, China. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was performed to select subjects. EQ-5D was employed to measure the HRQoL. The likelihood that individuals with selected chronic diseases would report any problem in the EQ-5D dimensions was calculated and tested relative to that of each of the two reference groups. Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate factors associated with EQ VAS. Results: The most frequently reported problems involved pain/discomfort (8.8%) and anxiety/depression (7.6%). Nearly half of the respondents who reported problems in any of the five dimensions were chronic patients. Higher EQ VAS scores were associated with the male gender, higher level of education, employment, younger age, an urban area of residence, access to free medical service and higher levels of physical activity. Except for anemia, all the selected chronic diseases were indicative of a negative EQ VAS score. The three leading risk factors were cerebrovascular disease, cancer and mental disease. Increases in age, number of chronic conditions and frequency of physical activity were found to have a gradient effect. Conclusion: The results of the present work add to the volume of knowledge regarding population health status in this area, apart from the known health status using mortality and morbidity data. Medical, policy, social and individual attention should be given to the management of chronic diseases and improvement of HRQoL. Longitudinal studies must be performed to monitor changes in HRQoL and to permit evaluation of the outcomes of chronic disease intervention programs. © 2013 Tan et al.National Nature Science Foundation (No. 8107239

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi luasnya tingkat pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial Perusahaan (Corporate Social Responsibility) dengan menguji pengaruh ukuran Perusahaan, profitabilitas, leverage, kepemilikan insti­tusional, ukuran dewan komisaris, ukuran dewan direksi, dan ukuran komite audit. Sampel yang digunakan adalah Perusahaan sektor pertambangan terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama 2010-2012. Data diperoleh dari laporan keuangan auditan dan laporan tahunan serta laporan keberlanjutan (sustainability report) jika ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi linear berganda. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ukuran Perusahaan dan komite audit memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap peng­ungkapan tanggung jawab sosial. Tidak ditemukan bukti pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, kepemilikan institusional, ukuran dewan komisaris, dan ukuran dewan direksi terhadap terhadap pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial

Revealing Excited States of Rotational Bose-Einstein Condensates

Rotational Bose-Einstein condensates can exhibit quantized vortices as topological excitations. In this study, the ground and excited states of the rotational Bose-Einstein condensates are systematically studied by calculating the stationary points of the Gross-Pitaevskii energy functional. Various excited states and their connections at different rotational frequencies are revealed in solution landscapes constructed with the constrained high-index saddle dynamics method. Four excitation mechanisms are identified: vortex addition, rearrangement, merging, and splitting. We demonstrate changes in the ground state with increasing rotational frequencies and decipher the evolution of the stability of ground states

DiffSCI: Zero-Shot Snapshot Compressive Imaging via Iterative Spectral Diffusion Model

This paper endeavors to advance the precision of snapshot compressive imaging (SCI) reconstruction for multispectral image (MSI). To achieve this, we integrate the advantageous attributes of established SCI techniques and an image generative model, propose a novel structured zero-shot diffusion model, dubbed DiffSCI. DiffSCI leverages the structural insights from the deep prior and optimization-based methodologies, complemented by the generative capabilities offered by the contemporary denoising diffusion model. Specifically, firstly, we employ a pre-trained diffusion model, which has been trained on a substantial corpus of RGB images, as the generative denoiser within the Plug-and-Play framework for the first time. This integration allows for the successful completion of SCI reconstruction, especially in the case that current methods struggle to address effectively. Secondly, we systematically account for spectral band correlations and introduce a robust methodology to mitigate wavelength mismatch, thus enabling seamless adaptation of the RGB diffusion model to MSIs. Thirdly, an accelerated algorithm is implemented to expedite the resolution of the data subproblem. This augmentation not only accelerates the convergence rate but also elevates the quality of the reconstruction process. We present extensive testing to show that DiffSCI exhibits discernible performance enhancements over prevailing self-supervised and zero-shot approaches, surpassing even supervised transformer counterparts across both simulated and real datasets. Our code will be available

Classifying Flash Flood Disasters from Disaster prone Environments to Support 1 Mitigation Measures

Spatiotemporal heterogeneities in climatic, physiographic, and socio-economic environments cause complex and varied formation mechanisms in flash flood disasters. However, previous studies were usually conducted at event or catchment scale in specific environments. Investigation on disaster formation mechanisms in climatic, physiographic, and socio-economic environments with different combinations and quantities at large scale is not available, which further affects the decision-making of mitigation measures. Our study develops a type-based analytical framework of flash flood disasters and their causes from disaster-prone environments using ten-fold multivariate analysis including cluster analysis, analysis of similarities, and ordination analysis. Application of this framework to environment factors and losses of 37,332 disaster events across China revealed three disaster-prone environment types, contributing 55.5%35 ±0.3%, 55.9%±0.3%, and 50.9%±0.2% to variations in disaster attributes, respectively. The events with low disaster intensities (24.6%) in undeveloped northwestern China were governed by short rainfall, low retention capacity, and low prevention investments, and their mitigation focused on afforestation and construction of rainfall and flash flood monitoring systems. Those with high disaster intensities (38.5%) in developed and disturbed central and southeastern China were interpreted by frequent intense rainfall and good flood prevention infrastructures, and their mitigation prioritized development of flash flood forecasting warning models, and grain for green, etc. Those with intermediate disaster intensities (36.9%) in undeveloped southwestern and central China were shaped by frequent short intense rainfall and steep rivers, and their mitigation required satellites or radars in alpine regions, multi-disaster prevention technology development, and dam construction

Changes in soil chemical properties as affected by pyrogenic organic matter amendment with different intensity and frequency

Pyrogenic organicmatter (PyOM) has long been used as a soil amendment to improve soil physicochemical properties. However, few studies simultaneously investigated both intensities and frequencies of PyOM addition on soil chemical properties of soil base cations, soil pHbuffering capacity (pHBC), and plant availablemicronutrients. In the main food production area of lower Liaohe River Plain in Northeast China, a field manipulation of PyOM addition was initiated in 2013 to examine how the intensities (0, 1%, 3%, and 5% of 0-20 cm soil mass) and frequencies (3% of soil mass applied once versus yearly for 3 years) of PyOM amendment affected soil chemical properties. Higher intensity of PyOM addition significantly increased soil exchangeable Mg (by 24.2%), which was caused by increase of soil pH, soil exchangeable surfaces, and soil organic matter. Plant available Fe, Mn, and Cu were significantly decreased with increasing PyOM addition intensity by up to 39.4%, 50.8%, and 30.0%, respectively, especially under the highest amount of PyOM amendment (5%). This was possibly due to removal of micronutrients with plant biomass or irreversible binding of available micronutrients on PyOM which decreased the extraction efficiency. Under the same amount of PyOM addition (3% in total), higher frequency of PyOM amendment significantly increased soil exchangeable Mg, while lower frequency showed no impact as compared to control plots (CK). Higher frequency of PyOM amendment significantly decreased plant available Mn and Cu as compared to both lower frequency and CK treatments. Both the intensity and frequency of PyOMaddition significantly increased soil pH but showed no influence on soil pHBC. Our results showed that exchangeableMg increased but availableMn and Cu decreasedwith both PyOMamendment intensity and frequency. Even though PyOM amendment could enrich soil base cations, it might cause deficiency of available micronutrients and pose a threat to plant productivity in agroecosystems

GWAS Identifies Novel Susceptibility Loci on 6p21.32 and 21q21.3 for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Carriers

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have recently identified KIF1B as susceptibility locus for hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To further identify novel susceptibility loci associated with HBV–related HCC and replicate the previously reported association, we performed a large three-stage GWAS in the Han Chinese population. 523,663 autosomal SNPs in 1,538 HBV–positive HCC patients and 1,465 chronic HBV carriers were genotyped for the discovery stage. Top candidate SNPs were genotyped in the initial validation samples of 2,112 HBV–positive HCC cases and 2,208 HBV carriers and then in the second validation samples of 1,021 cases and 1,491 HBV carriers. We discovered two novel associations at rs9272105 (HLA-DQA1/DRB1) on 6p21.32 (OR = 1.30, P = 1.13×$10^{−19}$) and rs455804 (GRIK1) on 21q21.3 (OR = 0.84, P = 1.86×$10^{−8}$), which were further replicated in the fourth independent sample of 1,298 cases and 1,026 controls (rs9272105: OR = 1.25, P = 1.71×$10^{−4}$; rs455804: OR = 0.84, P = 6.92×$10^{−3}$). We also revealed the associations of HLA-DRB1*0405 and 0901*0602, which could partially account for the association at rs9272105. The association at rs455804 implicates GRIK1 as a novel susceptibility gene for HBV–related HCC, suggesting the involvement of glutamate signaling in the development of HBV–related HCC