Synchrotron Radiation-Based X-Ray Study on Energy Storage Materials

Understanding the electrochemical processes responsible for energy storage in batteries is critical for designing of next-generation batteries. The conventional laboratory-scale characterization instruments provide limited information required for better understanding of electrochemical reaction mechanisms. Synchrotron radiations have very high brilliance and broad energy range extending from far-IR through the hard X-ray region. The availability of synchrotron radiation is driving technical and theoretical advances in scattering and spectroscopic techniques from last couple of decades. These advances in synchrotron radiation-based characterization techniques have made it possible to study the underpinning issues of energy storage materials. An electrochemical road map based on much more knowledge-driven approach can be drawn by utilizing synchrotron-based element-specific spectroscopic as well as scattering techniques. Herein, we introduce various scenarios where synchrotron radiation-based characterization methods provide inherent advantages and flexibility in obtaining detailed mechanistic information along with structural studies

Design, Field Evaluation, and Traffic Analysis of a Competitive Autonomous Driving Model in a Congested Environment

Recently, numerous studies have investigated cooperative traffic systems using the communication among vehicle-to-everything (V2X). Unfortunately, when multiple autonomous vehicles are deployed while exposed to communication failure, there might be a conflict of ideal conditions between various autonomous vehicles leading to adversarial situation on the roads. In South Korea, virtual and real-world urban autonomous multi-vehicle races were held in March and November of 2021, respectively. During the competition, multiple vehicles were involved simultaneously, which required maneuvers such as overtaking low-speed vehicles, negotiating intersections, and obeying traffic laws. In this study, we introduce a fully autonomous driving software stack to deploy a competitive driving model, which enabled us to win the urban autonomous multi-vehicle races. We evaluate module-based systems such as navigation, perception, and planning in real and virtual environments. Additionally, an analysis of traffic is performed after collecting multiple vehicle position data over communication to gain additional insight into a multi-agent autonomous driving scenario. Finally, we propose a method for analyzing traffic in order to compare the spatial distribution of multiple autonomous vehicles. We study the similarity distribution between each team's driving log data to determine the impact of competitive autonomous driving on the traffic environment

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Differences between elite, junior and elite senior rowers in kinetics parameters during slide ergometer rowing

J-GLOBAL ID : 202101004237845144J-GLOBAL ID : 202201012804701108J-GLOBAL ID : 201801009314123820The rowing ergometer is usually installed on the floor, but it has been pointed out that the kinetics, kinematics, and coordination of muscles are different from rowing motion on water. In order to solve the above problems and simulate rowing operation on water, recently the slide ergometer in which two slides move forward and backward and the dynamic ergometer in which a stretcher moves forward have been developed. The purpose of this study was to characterize junior and senior rowers using a sliding ergometer. Mechanical variables such as handle/stretcher force as long as tempo- special variables and kinetics variables were compared between slide rowing ergometer conditions. A custom-made Air pressure resistance type rowing ergometer (Concept II model c indoor Rower) was used for this study. The sliding-type rowing ergometer was mounted on two ergometer slides (manufactured by Concept II). 　The subjects were 11 high school and college rowers who performed a 2000 m simulation using a sliding rowing ergometer. The calculated variables were the spatio-temporal variable of the handle, the mechanical output of the handle and the stretcher. Senior rowers had shorter drive phases and longer recovery phases. Senior rowers also had higher handle and stretcher forces. It is suggested that senior rowers utilize different techniques than juniors during rowing due to higher leg and handle strength and different drive and recovery times.1520297128938327296application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Comparison of Kinematics and Kinetics in Elite Rowers Using a Slide Rowing Ergometer

Rowing ergometers are widely used in land-based training for various types of athletes. The relationship between athletic performance, mechanical power, physiological indicators, and other factors has been discussed about the fixed-type rowing ergometer. However, it has been pointed out that the movement and sensation of the athlete differed from the actual rowing motion on water. To address this issue, a slide-type rowing ergometer has been devised, where the ergometer is placed on rails, allowing both the seat and the ergometer to slide. However, there is limited prior research on the slide-type rowing ergometer, and many aspects regarding its usefulness remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize junior and senior rowers using a sliding ergometer. A custom-made Air pressure resistance type rowing ergometer (Concept II model c indoor Rower) was used for this study. The sliding-type rowing ergometer was mounted on two ergometer slides (manufactured by Concept II). The subjects were 12 high school and college rowers who performed a 2000 m simulation using a sliding rowing ergometer. Rowing motion was filmed by a high speed video camera (200fps) from right angles beside the subject. Hip and knee joint angles were measured as 180 degrees of full extension. The subject placed their foot on each foot plate (VINE, 200Hz). Spatiotemporal parameters of the handle, mechanical output from the handle and stretcher, and angular displacements and angular velocities of the ankle, knee, and hip were calculated. Senior rowers had shorter drive phases and longer recovery phases. Senior rowers also had higher handle and stretcher forces. Senior rowers are suggested to utilize different techniques than juniors during rowing due to higher leg and handle strength and different drive and recovery times

Changes in medial longitudinal arch and plantar load during walking at different speeds

The purpose of this study was to clarify the changes in the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and plantar load distribution during the stance phase of walking at different speeds. Eight healthy male subjects participated in this study. Plantar pressure measurement plate (Novel GmbH®, 100Hz), motion capture system (Oxford, 100Hz) and force plate (Kistler, 1KHz) were synchronized. Using this system, subjects performed 3 walking trial at 0.8 (Slow), 1.2 (Normal), 1.7 (Fast) m/s. Plantar load distribution was divided into five sub-area based on anatomical measurement points. MLA angle was calculated as the angle between the distal first metatarsal, navicular tuberosity and calcaneus. In comparison with Slow, Fast showed no difference in the amount of change in MLA angle, despite the greater load applied to the medial forefoot at push-off phase. Increasing the plantar loads in medial foot as well as stiffening the MLA might be important roles during push-off phase in walking at fast speed

Reaction Times of The Gyaku- and Kizami- tsuki in female collegiate karate athletes : Analysis from ground reaction forces and kinematics

J-GLOBAL ID : 201101073728331279J-GLOBAL ID : 201801007052633411J-GLOBAL ID : 202201012804701108J-GLOBAL ID : 201801009314123820J-GLOBAL ID : 202101004237845144The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematics and kinetics of how karate players respond to LED light stimuli and opponents when performing kizami- and gyaku-tsuki. The effects of the distance between the attacker and the opponent, and the differences in event types and levels on the reaction time were also examined. Thirteen female university student karate athletes （kumite international level：n＝2, kumite college level：n＝6, kata：n＝5） participated in this study. Fourteen motion capture cameras and three force plates were used to record kizami-tsuki and gyaku-tsuki movements to LED light stimuli and the opponent. Kinetics and kinematics analysis showed no difference in reaction time to LED light stimuli among kumite, kata, and competition levels, but international level kumite athletes tended to have the shorter reaction time to opponent's movements. In conclusion, our results suggest that international-level kumite players have an excellent ability to predict and judge the movements of their opponents.1520297128939472640application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Reaction times of punching movements in female collegiate karate athletes based on ground reaction forces and kinematics : Focus on kumite international level athlete

The purpose of this study was to clarify the reaction times of karate athletes against opponents based on kinetics and kinematics in karate kumite. In addition, the reaction times of international, university and kata athletes are compared to examine the characteristics of international-level athletes. Thirteen female university karate athletes (kumite international level：n＝2, kumite university level：n＝6, kata：n＝5) participated in this study. Fourteen motion capture cameras and three force plates were used to record kizami-tsuki and gyaku-thuki movements to LED light stimuli and the opponent’s movement. Kinetics and kinematics analysis showed no differences in reaction times od LED light stimuli between kumite, kata and competition levels. But international level kumite athletes tended to have the shorter reaction times against opponent’s movement. In conclusion, these results suggest that kumite international level athletes have an excellent ability to predict and estimate the movements of their opponents

Biomechanical study on the sticking region during the back squat exercise

This study aimed to determine the cause of the sticking region (SR) that occurs in the back squat (BS) from biomechanical analysis. Six male college weightlifters (age：20.5±2.2 years, height：173.4±7.6 cm, weight：79.3±16.9 kg, 1RM：149±27.4 kg) performed one rep. with different loads (0, 30, 50, 70, 90, 100% 1RM) and BS without counter movement (0, 30, 50, 70, 90%1RM) for one rep. followed by BS exhaustion trial at 70%1RM. We calculated barbell velocity, joint angles, angular velocity, moments, and power in the lifting phase. Identification of SR became more pronounced with increased loading. In SR phase during BS, ankle plantar flexion angular velocity and power and knee joint extension angular decreased. On the other hand, knee joint extension power decreased in the middle phase. These results suggest that the appearance of SR might be related to moment and power attenuations in knee joint during BS exercise