A Study on Inventorship in Japan and its Application to AI-related Inventions

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The Future of Intellectual Property Law and Competition Law in the AI Era : A Comparative Socio-Legal Study between France and Japan: Introduction

ReportJSPS Bilateral Joint Research Projects (SAKURA Program

The EAES intellectual property protection guide

This guide is designed to assist surgeons in understanding the proper procedures for legitimately securing the outcomes of their original ideas and collaborations with industry partners as “intellectual property.” Our web-based survey conducted among EAES members in 2019 revealed that surgeons have traditionally shown limited interest in intellectual property. The findings suggested that even when surgeons generate and realize novel concepts, these innovations are often inadequately protected, leaving them vulnerable to misappropriation. Accordingly, this guide focuses on the patenting process for surgeons engaged in collaborative research with industry. It addresses common questions that arise during this process in a Q&A format. The guide also explains key aspects of communication with corporate partners and intellectual property specialists during patent application procedures. Furthermore, it outlines the transition from domestic to international patent protection, with particular emphasis on the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) system. Although this article serves as a practical guide for surgeons seeking to protect their intellectual contributions, it may also be used as an educational resource for industry designers, engineers and business developers, highlighting the importance of respecting and safeguarding the intellectual property rights of medical professionals

Insulin-like growth factor 1 modulates bioengineered tooth morphogenesis

Regenerative therapy to replace missing teeth is a critical area of research. Functional bioengineered teeth have been produced by the organ germ method using mouse tooth germ cells. However, these bioengineered teeth are significantly smaller in size and exhibit an abnormal crown shape when compared with natural teeth. The proper sizes and shapes of teeth contribute to their normal function. Therefore, a method is needed to control the morphology of bioengineered teeth. Here, we investigated whether insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) can regulate the sizes and shapes of bioengineered teeth, and assessed underlying mechanisms of such regulation. IGF1 treatment significantly increased the size of bioengineered tooth germs, while preserving normal tooth histology. IGF1-treated bioengineered teeth, which were developed from bioengineered tooth germs in subrenal capsules and jawbones, showed increased sizes and cusp numbers. IGF1 increased the number of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf4)-expressing enamel knots in bioengineered tooth germs and enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells. This study is the first to reveal that IGF1 increases the sizes and cusp numbers of bioengineered teeth via the induction of enamel knot formation, as well as the proliferation and differentiation of dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells

Psychological Effects of League Promotion on Local Residents in Professional Sports : A Case of a Professional Soccer Team’s Promotion to the J League Division Ⅱ

The issue of a sport team’s promotion to a higher league has been investigated primarily from the spectator’s perspective. Although recent few studies highlight the importance of local residents on this topic, the effects of various moderating variables on local residents’ decision making processes still remain unexplored. The current study is one of the first attempts to（ 1） develop measures for capturing three dimensions（ cognitive, affective, and conative aspects） of local residents’ attitudes toward a professional sport team promoted to a higher league and（ 2） examine the effects of significant moderating variables （i.e., gender, age, and willingness to support the home team） on the cognitive attitudes-behavioral intentions chain and on the affective attitudes-behavioral intentions chain. Data were collected from local residents （n = 180） at two large shopping malls located in the franchise area of a professional soccer team that was promoted to the J-League Division Ⅱ in the 2009 season. The results indicate that the effect of cognitive attitudes on behavioral intentions was stronger for older people than for younger people. The research findings, managerial implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.departmental bulletin pape

Role of cervical cancer screening during prenatal checkups for infectious diseases: a retrospective, descriptive study

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the status and role of cervical cytology affected by human papillomavirus infection and other infectious diseases screened during routine prenatal checkups. Methods: We retrospectively examined medical records containing the screening results for infectious diseases and cervical cancer in women who delivered neonates in our hospital from 2014 to 2017. Results: Among 3393 deliveries, 18.8% of women underwent a regular cervical cancer screening within 1 year of becoming pregnant, and 2641 women underwent a cervical cytology screening during this pregnancy. The cytological diagnostic results showed that 2562 women (97.0%) were negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy, whereas 79 (3.0%) had abnormal results. Of those with abnormal cytology results, 70 had abnormal cytology that was newly detected in this pregnancy, and 42 had grade ≥1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions. Spatulas were the most frequently used cytological sampling instruments, followed by cotton swabs. Cervical cytology revealed no major adverse reactions during these pregnancies. Conclusions: Our results confirm the importance of screening for infectious diseases during pregnancy. Only 20% of the women underwent a regular pre-pregnancy cervical cytology screening. Cervical cytology screening during pregnancy may currently be playing a crucial role in preventing cervical cancer in Japan

衣替えに関する一考察

The seasonal change of clothes was reported based upon the pedestrians pictures taken at Umeda area in Osaka past three years by Yasuda et al. It was discussed between the wearing clothes divided into some patterns and air temperature. In the viwpoint of this study, the change of clothes was investigated to the moisture in air especially hot season. The results were as follows. 1. In the hot season, people change their clothes by the value of water vapor pressure rather than air temperature. 2. In the cold season, the change of clothes mainly depends on the variation of air temperature

Sedentary Time and All-Cause Mortality

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the association between sedentary time and mortality with regard to leisure‐time physical activity with or without cardiometabolic diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using data from the J‐MICC (Japan Multi‐Institutional Collaborative Cohort) Study, 64 456 participants (29 022 men, 35 434 women) were analyzed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were used to characterize the relative risk of all‐cause mortality to evaluate its association with sedentary time (categorical variables: <5, 5 to <7, 7 to <9, ≥9 h/d and 2‐hour increments in exposure) according to the self‐reported hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus using a Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 2257 participants died during 7.7 years of follow‐up. The corresponding HRs for each 2‐hour increment in sedentary time among participants with all factors, no factors, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were 1.153 (95% CI, 1.114–1.194), 1.125 (95% CI, 1.074–1.179), 1.202 (95% CI, 1.129–1.279), 1.176 (95% CI, 1.087–1.273), and 1.272 (95% CI, 1.159–1.396), respectively. Furthermore, when analyzed according to the combined different factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus), HRs increased with each additional factor, and participants reporting all 3 conditions had the highest HR of 1.417 (95% CI, 1.162–1.728) independently of leisure‐time metabolic equivalents. CONCLUSIONS: The association between sedentary time and increased mortality is stronger among patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus regardless of leisure‐time physical activity in a large Japanese population

The Relationship Between Dialysis Patients' Quality of Life and Caregivers' Quality of Life

Patients on dialysis require caregiving and assistance in their daily lives from family members and/or others for hospital visitation and supervised administration. This places a considerable burden on caregivers, which can in turn influence caregivers' quality of life (QOL). We recruited dialysis patients and their caregivers to elucidate how the QOL of patients relates to that of their caregivers'. Patients completed the EuroQol 5-Dimension scale (EQ-5D) and Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form. Caregivers completed the EQ-5D and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). We calculated utility index values for the EQ-5D, and physical, mental (MCS), and role-social component summary scores for the SF-36. Compared to national norms, the caregivers of dialysis patients tended to have poor physical health-related QOL but normal mental health-related QOL, as also found with patients. The multivariate analysis revealed that ≥ median dialysis period and ≥ average burden of kidney disease were significantly related to caregiver MCS score (odds ratios; 6.79 and 9.89, respectively). Caregivers tended to have lower physical health-related QOL if their patients had high social QOL, and lower mental health-related QOL during the early stage of the patient's dialysis treatment, and when patients experienced low disease-targeted QOL