Data highway terminal controller

A data highway terminal controller with transmission controllers assigned to each processor in a set of multiple processors is described. Shared-use terminals are loop connected to the processors via the controllers

Risk- & Regret-Averse Bidders in Sealed-Bid Auctions

Overbidding, bidding more than risk-neutral Bayesian Nash Equilibrium, is a widely observed phenomenon in virtually all experimental auctions. The scholars within the auction literature propose the risk-averse preference model to explain overbidding structurally. However, the risk-averse preference model predicts underbidding in such important classes of auctions as all-pay auctions. To solve this discrepancy, we construct a structural model of bidding behavior in sealed-bid auctions, one in which bidders may regret their decisions. Our model nests both risk-averse and regret-averse attitudes and aims to explain overbidding in a wider class of auctions. We first derive equilibrium first-order conditions, which are used for estimation and calibration analyses, and show monotonic increasing properties of equilibrium bidding functions. Second, we carry out structural estimation and calibration analyses based on experimental data from Kagel and Levin (1993) and Noussair and Silver (2006). With these structurally estimated parameters, we test the significance of bidders’ risk-averse and regret-averse attitudes. The estimation results show that bidders exhibit weak risk-averse (close to risk-neutral) and strong regret-averse attitudes. Furthermore, regret-averse attitudes are significant when bidders anticipate losing. Calibration results demonstrate that our risk- & regret-averse model can explain overbidding across all of the above IPV auctions. Third, we simulate our model with the estimated parameters and obtain revenue rankings numerically. This allows us to confirm the revenue supremacy in all-pay auctions reported in experimental auction literature. We discuss extensions to asymmetric and Common-Value (CV) auctions in our online appendix

Instanton and Superconductivity in Supersymmetric CP(N-1) Model

The two dimensional supersymmetric CP(N-1) model has a striking similarity to the N=2 supersymmetric gauge theory in four dimensions. The BPS mass formula and the curve of the marginal stability (CMS), which exist in the four dimensional gauge theory, appears in this two dimensional CP(N-1) model. These two quntities are derived by a one-dimensional n-vector spin model in the large n limit for the N=2 case. This mapping is further investigated at the critical point. An application of the study of the BPS mass formula is proposed to the phenomena of the spin and charge separations in the Higgs phase.Comment: 6 page

Pattern formation of reaction-diffusion system having self-determined flow in the amoeboid organism of Physarum plasmodium

The amoeboid organism, the plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum, behaves on the basis of spatio-temporal pattern formation by local contraction-oscillators. This biological system can be regarded as a reaction-diffusion system which has spatial interaction by active flow of protoplasmic sol in the cell. Paying attention to the physiological evidence that the flow is determined by contraction pattern in the plasmodium, a reaction-diffusion system having self-determined flow arises. Such a coupling of reaction-diffusion-advection is a characteristic of the biological system, and is expected to relate with control mechanism of amoeboid behaviours. Hence, we have studied effects of the self-determined flow on pattern formation of simple reaction-diffusion systems. By weakly nonlinear analysis near a trivial solution, the envelope dynamics follows the complex Ginzburg-Landau type equation just after bifurcation occurs at finite wave number. The flow term affects the nonlinear term of the equation through the critical wave number squared. Contrary to this, wave number isn't explicitly effective with lack of flow or constant flow. Thus, spatial size of pattern is especially important for regulating pattern formation in the plasmodium. On the other hand, the flow term is negligible in the vicinity of bifurcation at infinitely small wave number, and therefore the pattern formation by simple reaction-diffusion will also hold. A physiological role of pattern formation as above is discussed.Comment: REVTeX, one column, 7 pages, no figur

Optical Absorption Study by Ab initio Downfolding Approach: Application to GaAs

We examine whether essence and quantitative aspects of electronic excitation spectra are correctly captured by an effective low-energy model constructed from an {\em ab initio} downfolding scheme. A global electronic structure is first calculated by {\em ab initio} density-functional calculations with the generalized gradient approximation. With the help of constrained density functional theory, the low-energy effective Hamiltonian for bands near the Fermi level is constructed by the downfolding procedure in the basis of maximally localized Wannier functions. The excited states of this low-energy effective Hamiltonian ascribed to an extended Hubbard model are calculated by using a low-energy solver. As the solver, we employ the Hartree-Fock approximation supplemented by the single-excitation configuration-interaction method considering electron-hole interactions. The present three-stage method is applied to GaAs, where eight bands are retained in the effective model after the downfolding. The resulting spectra well reproduce the experimental results, indicating that our downfolding scheme offers a satisfactory framework of the electronic structure calculation, particularly for the excitations and dynamics as well as for the ground state.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, and 1 tabl

Electric and magnetic form factors of strange baryons

Predictions for the electromagnetic form factors of the Lambda$, Sigma and Xi hyperons are presented. The numerical calculations are performed within the framework of the fully relativistic constituent-quark model developed by the Bonn group. The computed magnetic moments compare favorably with the experimentally known values. Most magnetic form factors G_M(Q^2) can be parametrized in terms of a dipole with cutoff masses ranging from 0.79 to 1.14 GeV.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Eur. Phys. J.