High-Throughput Contention-Free Concurrent Interleaver Architecture for Multi-Standard Turbo Decoder

To meet the higher data rate requirement of emerging wireless communication technology, numerous parallel turbo decoder architectures have been developed. However, the interleaver has become a major bottleneck that limits the achievable throughput in the parallel decoders due to the massive memory conflicts. In this paper, we propose a flexible Double-Buffer based Contention-Free (DBCF) interleaver architecture that can efficiently solve the memory conflict problem for parallel turbo decoders with very high parallelism. The proposed DBCF architecture enables high throughput concurrent interleaving for multi-standard turbo decoders that support UMTS/HSPA+, LTE and WiMAX, with small datapath delays and low hardware cost. We implemented the DBCF interleaver with a 65nm CMOS technology. The implementation of this highly efficient DBCF interleaver architecture shows significant improvement in terms of the maximum throughput and occupied chip area compared to the previous work.HuaweiNational Science Foundatio

Generative deep learning for predicting ultrahigh lattice thermal conductivity materials

Developing materials with ultrahigh thermal conductivity is crucial for thermal management and energy conversion. The recent development of generative models and machine learning (ML) holds great promise for predicting new functional materials. However, these data-driven methods are not tailored to identifying energetically stable structures and accurately predicting their thermal properties, as they lack physical constraints and information about the complexity of atomic many-body interactions. Here, we show how combining deep generative models of crystal structures with quantum-accurate, fast ML interatomic potentials can accelerate the prediction of materials with ultrahigh lattice thermal conductivity while ensuring energy optimality. We exploit structural symmetry and similarity metrics derived from atomic coordination environments to enable fast exploration of the structural space produced by the generative model. Additionally, we propose an active-learning-based protocol for the on-the-fly training of ML potentials to achieve high-fidelity predictions of stability and lattice thermal conductivity in prospective materials. Applying this method to carbon materials, we screen 100,000 candidates and identify 34 carbon polymorphs, approximately a quarter of which had not been previously predicted, to have lattice thermal conductivity above 800 W m−1 K−1, reaching up to 2,400 W m−1 K−1 aside from diamond. These findings provide a viable pathway toward the ML-assisted prediction of periodic materials with exceptional thermal properties

Ultra-narrowband interference circuits enable low-noise and high-rate photon counting for InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes

Afterpulsing noise in InGaAs/InP single photon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) is caused by carrier trapping and can be suppressed successfully through limiting the avalanche charge via sub-nanosecond gating. Detection of faint avalanches requires an electronic circuit that is able to effectively remove the gate-induced capacitive response while keeping photon signals intact. Here we demonstrate a novel ultra-narrowband interference circuit (UNIC) that can reject the capacitive response by up to 80 dB per stage with little distortion to avalanche signals. Cascading two UNIC's in a readout circuit, we were able to enable high count rate of up to 700 MC/s and low afterpulsing of 0.5 % at a detection efficiency of 25.3 % for 1.25 GHz sinusoidally gated InGaAs/InP APDs. At -30 degree C, we measured 1 % afterpulsing at a detection efficiency of 21.2 %

Extreme chemical sensitivity of nonlinear conductivity in charge-ordered LuFe2O4

Nonlinear transport behaviors are crucial for applications in electronic technology. At the nonlinear critical turning point, the nonequilibrium states cause rich physics responses to environment. The corresponding study in this field is crucial for physics and industry application. Here nonlinear conductivity in charge-ordered (CO) LuFe2O4 has been demonstrated. Remarkable resistivity switching behavior was observed and the gas-sensing property can be reversibly tuned by a small alternation of partial pressure and/or chemical components of the environment. These facts allow us to use LuFe2O4 materials as a sensitive chemical gas sensor in technological applications. Careful analysis of the gas sensing process in LuFe2O4 suggests a novel sensing mechanism in sharp contrast with that discussed for the conventional gas sensors which depend fundamentally on surface chemical reactions

Comparative Studies on the Interaction of Cochinchinenin A and Loureirin B with Bovine Serum Albumin

This paper describes the simple, sensitive, and effective spectrophotometric methods based on ultraviolet, fluorescence and circular dichroism for revealing the interactional mechanism of Cochinchinenin A (CA) and Loureirin B (LB) with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Under simulated physiological conditions, it was demonstrated that the fluorescence quenching mechanisms between CA (or LB) and BSA as a static quenching mode, or a combined quenching (dynamic and static quenching) mode were related to concentration level of CA (or LB). The binding distance (rCA, rLB) and the quenching efficiency (KSV), especially for the binding constants value of ligands to BSA, were affected by the methoxyl group at position 4 at different temperatures. The corresponding thermodynamic parameters were also obtained and indicated that electrostatic forces play a major role in the formation of the LB-BSA complex, but probably a combined force for CA-BSA complex. Furthermore, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectra demonstrated that the secondary structures of BSA were changed to varying degrees by the binding of CA (or LB)

Experimental Study on the Influence of Air Side Equalizing Device on the Flow Heat Transfer Characteristics of Cooling Delta Unit

For the cooling delta unit, the basic heat transfer element of the cold end of the indirect air-cooling system, the wind speed, air temperature, and wall temperature measuring points were arranged laterally along the heat transfer bundle in the cooling columns on both sides of cooling delta with or without air equalizing apparatus. The wall temperature measuring points were further arranged on the left and right side of water outlet cooling columns. The changes of lateral windward wind speed, wind temperature, wall temperature and outlet water temperature of the cooling columns on both sides along the heat transfer bundles were compared and analyzed. And the influence mechanisms of the air equalizing apparatus on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the cooling delta unit and the outlet water temperature were studied. The results show that, with the air equalizing apparatus, the distribution of lateral windward wind speed and wall temperature of the two sides cooling columns are more uniform along the heat transfer bundle

Self-crosslinkable chitosan-hyaluronic acid dialdehyde nanoparticles for CD44-targeted siRNA delivery to treat bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is one of the concerning malignancies worldwide, which is lacking effective targeted therapy. Gene therapy is a potential approach for bladder cancer treatment. While, a safe and effective targeted gene delivery system is urgently needed for prompting the bladder cancer treatment in vivo. In this study, we confirmed that the bladder cancer had CD44 overexpression and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) with high interfere to Bcl2 oncogene were designed and screened. Then hyaluronic acid dialdehyde (HAD) was prepared in an ethanol-water mixture and covalently conjugated to the chitosan nanoparticles (CS-HAD NPs) to achieve CD44 targeted siRNA delivery. The in vitro and in vivo evaluations indicated that the siRNA-loaded CS-HAD NPs (siRNA@CS-HAD NPs) were approximately 100 nm in size, with improved stability, high siRNA encapsulation efficiency and low cytotoxicity. CS-HAD NPs could target to CD44 receptor and deliver the therapeutic siRNA into T24 bladder cancer cells through a ligand-receptor-mediated targeting mechanism and had a specific accumulation capacity in vivo to interfere the targeted oncogene Bcl2 in bladder cancer. Overall, a CD44 targeted gene delivery system based on natural macromolecules was developed for effective bladder cancer treatment, which could be more conducive to clinical application due to its simple preparation and high biological safety