Evidence of the side jump mechanism in the anomalous Hall effect in paramagnets

Persistent confusion has existed between the intrinsic (Berry curvature) and the side jump mechanisms of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in ferromagnets. We provide unambiguous identification of the side jump mechanism, in addition to the skew scattering contribution in epitaxial paramagnetic Ni$_{34}$Cu$_{66}$ thin films, in which the intrinsic contribution is by definition excluded. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the AHE further reveals that the side jump mechanism is dominated by the elastic scattering

EFTUD2 is a promising diagnostic and prognostic indicator involved in the tumor immune microenvironment and glycolysis of lung adenocarcinoma

BackgroundElongation Factor Tu GTP Binding Domain Containing 2 (EFTUD2), a conserved spliceosomal GTPase, is involved in craniofacial development and various cancers, but its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear.MethodsEFTUD2 expression in LUAD tissues was analyzed using data from TCGA and GEO, and validated by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. The relationship between EFTUD2 expression and clinical features was examined using Fisher’s exact test. Diagnostic and prognostic analyses were performed in R. Hub genes related to EFTUD2 were identified through topological algorithms, and immune infiltration was assessed using CIBERSORT. The cGAS-STING pathway and m6A modification were also analyzed in the TCGA LUAD cohort. Functional assays were conducted to assess EFTUD2’s impact on LUAD cell proliferation, cell cycle, invasion, and metastasis, while glycolytic enzyme levels were measured by Western blotting.ResultsEFTUD2 was upregulated in LUAD tissues and cells, correlating with N classification, visceral pleural invasion, intravascular tumor embolism, and cytokeratin-19 fragment antigen 21-1. Sixteen EFTUD2-related hub genes were identified. Higher EFTUD2 expression was linked to altered immune cell infiltration, with increased TumorPurity scores and decreased StromalScore, ImmuneScore, and ESTIMATEScore values. Gene enrichment analyses highlighted EFTUD2’s involvement in cell adhesion, immune response. EFTUD2 was strongly associated with the cGAS-STING pathway and m6A modification. EFTUD2 knockdown inhibited LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and tumorigenicity, causing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and altered glycolytic enzyme expression. These findings may suggest that EFTUD2 positively regulates the progression of LUAD and modulates the glycolytic activity of tumor cells, making it valuable for LUAD treatment and prognosis.ConclusionsEFTUD2 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for LUAD, associated with immune infiltration, the tumor microenvironment, the cGAS-STING pathway, m6A modification, and glycolysis

Expression and clinical value of CXCR4 in high grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

BackgroundCXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is associated with the progression and metastasis of numerous malignant tumors. However, its relationship with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Grade 3 (GEP-NENs G3) is unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of CXCR4 in GEP-NENS and to explore the clinical and prognostic value of CXCR4.MethodsThis study retrospectively collected clinical and pathological data from patients with GEP-NENs who receiving surgery in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2013 to April 2021, and obtained the overall survival of the patients based on follow-up. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on pathological paraffin sections to observe CXCR4 staining. Groups were made according to pathological findings. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve was used to evaluate prognosis. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results100 GEP-NENs G3 patients were enrolled in this study. There was a significant difference in primary sites (P=0.002), Ki-67 index (P<0.001), and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) elevation (P=0.008) between neuroendocrine tumor (NET) G3 and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). CXCR4 was highly expressed only in tumors, low or no expressed in adjacent tissues (P<0.001). The expression level of CXCR4 in NEC was significantly higher than that in NET G3 (P=0.038). The K-M curves showed that there was no significant difference in overall survival between patients with high CXCR4 expression and patients with low CXCR4 expression, either in GEP-NEN G3 or NEC (P=0.920, P=0.842. respectively).ConclusionDifferential expression of CXCR4 was found between tumor and adjacent tissues and between NET G3 and NEC. Our results demonstrated that CXCR4 can be served as a new IHC diagnostic indicator in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of GEP-NENs G3. Further studies with multi-center, large sample size and longer follow-up are needed to confirm the correlation between CXCR4 expression level and prognosis

Global Infectious Diseases in February 2023: Monthly Analysis

Public health security in human societies is placed under enormous strain by infectious disease epidemics. According to the WHO, COVID-19 and Mpox remain on the list of PHEICs, whereas cholera, dengue, and other contagious diseases remain endemic in several countries and regions. Data on prevalent infectious diseases have been collected worldwide in recent weeks, and may provide new ideas for international collaboration in public health

Global Infectious Diseases in August 2023: A Monthly Analysis

Infectious diseases frequently affect children and adults worldwide. Owing to their specific biology and mode of transmission, the presence of infected individuals or carriers in a region often leads to outbreaks of the disease in that region, and in severe cases, to the death of the infected individual. Infectious diseases have been one of the main causes of mass disability or death in humans for centuries. Surveillance of infectious diseases on a continental scale is therefore important for assessing, recognizing, and preventing the risks that these diseases may pose to animal and human health on a global scale. This report focuses on global infectious disease outbreaks and systematically summarises the timing and location of outbreaks in infected populations between 24 July and 23 August 2023 based on the Global Outbreak Information Surveillance System (GOSIS) of Shusi Technologies

Global Infectious Diseases in April 2023: Monthly Analysis

Thousands of years have passed since infectious diseases first endangered human health as the most potentially lethal and debilitating diseases worldwide. The global incidence of infectious diseases has increased significantly over the past decades, such as COVID-19, cholera, dengue, and influenza. Key elements in combating and controlling diseases include monitoring and reporting infectious disease timelines and geographic distribution. We obtained surveillance data from Shusi Tech’s Global Epidemic Information Monitoring System and comprehensively analyzed the timing and location of outbreaks in infected populations from 24 March 2023 to 23 April 2023. Recent worldwide outbreaks of infectious diseases highlight the need to implement effective monitoring strategies and warning systems

Global Infectious Diseases in March 2023: Monthly Analysis

Infectious diseases pose a major burden on public health and economic stability among societies worldwide. For centuries, they have been among the leading causes of death and disability, and are currently presenting growing challenges to health security and human progress. This report focuses on global outbreaks of infectious diseases, relying on Shusi Tech’s Global Epidemic Information Monitoring System to systematically summarize outbreak timing and location in infected populations from February 24, 2023, to March 23, 2023. Therefore, surveillance of infectious diseases on a continental scale is important to assess, recognize and protect against the risks that these diseases may pose to animal, domestic animal and human health on a global scale

Global Infectious Diseases in January 2023: Monthly Analysis

Infectious diseases are a major threat to global health and the economic stability of societies worldwide. To prevent outbreaks, monitoring the growth trends of infectious diseases appears to be particularly important and necessary. Herein, data from epidemiological websites, such as the World Health Organization and National Health Council are used to illustrate the outbreak trends for infectious diseases worldwide. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a global resurgence in other infectious diseases has been observed, particularly influenza in the United States. Proper surveillance and effective strategies are urgently required to keep emerging infectious diseases under control

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Metabolic Risks of Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study

The mechanisms facilitating hypertension in diabetes still remain to be elucidated. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a higher risk factor for insulin resistance, shares many predisposing factors with diabetes. However, little work has been performed on the pathogenesis of hypertension in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with NAFLD. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of hypertension in different glycemic statuses and to analyze relationships between NAFLD, metabolic risks, and hypertension within a large community-based population after informed written consent. A total of 9473 subjects aged over 45 years, including 1648 patients with T2DM, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Clinical and biochemical parameters of all participants were determined. The results suggested that the patients with prediabetes or T2DM were with higher risks to have hypertension. T2DM with NAFLD had significantly higher levels of blood pressure, triglyceride, uric acid, and HOMA-IR than those without NAFLD. Data analyses suggested that hypertriglyceridemia [OR = 1.773 (1.396, 2.251)], NAFLD [OR = 2.344 (1.736, 3.165)], hyperuricemia [OR = 1.474 (1.079, 2.012)], and insulin resistance [OR = 1.948 (1.540, 2.465)] were associated with the higher prevalence of hypertension independent of other metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to focus on these associations

Global Infectious Diseases in May 2023: Monthly Analysis

In the past 5 years, there has been a growing focus on infectious diseases, such as viral infections (coronavirus, Mpox, and influenza), sudden pandemics, and persistent bacterial infections (cholera, malaria, and tuberculosis) that continue to be a challenge in epidemic areas. We analyzed epidemic data from dozens of infectious diseases between 24 April and 23 May 2023 using Shusi Tech’s Global Epidemic Information Monitoring System. This analysis will provide a quick overview of the global epidemic status, and will facilitate the prediction and assessment of future pandemics