Effect of environmental CSR initiatives on potential stakeholders’ perception of non-environmentally friendly sporting events

The protection of the natural environment is increasingly being perceived as a pillar of CSR. Although most professional sport organizations in the United States participate in some form of philanthropic activity, little research has examined how non-environmentally friendly sport organizations can effectively communicate their environmental initiatives. Two different CSR approaches (Environmental and Nationalistic) by NASCAR were exposed to potential stakeholders to examine the changes in the perception (Attitude, Reputation, Identification, and Perceived CSR) of the organization. We analyzed the MIMIC model to compare the means on the latent constructs. Environmental approach showed positive changes in potential stakeholders’ perception toward NASCAR. Whereas, the Nationalistic CSR approach had no significant impact on potential stakeholders’ perception of the organization. The findings suggest CSR can be an opportunity for organizations like NASCAR to have a positive non-product message for potential stakeholders depending on how they communicate these programs

Service quality and its effects on consumer outcomes:a meta-analytic review in spectator sport

Research question: Previous research on service quality in spectator sport has provided mixed results on its measurement and influence on spectators’ outcomes. This study synthesises previous empirical research in a meta-analytic framework to provide a comprehensive understanding of service quality measurement, its effects on spectators’ perceived value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions, while also exploring culture and sport setting as moderators. Research methods: This meta-analysis is based on a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles. It integrates 121 effect sizes based on 139,796 participants from 121 independent studies that were examined through a meta-analytic structural equation model. Results and findings: The results indicated that the dimensions of functional and aesthetic quality had a moderate effect on perceived value and a small effect on both satisfaction and behavioural intentions. Core product quality showed a moderate influence on satisfaction but did not influence neither perceived value nor behavioural intentions. Both perceived value and satisfaction were significantly related to behavioural intentions. Culture and sport setting partially moderated the relationships between service quality and spectator outcomes (perceived value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions towards the teams). Implications: This meta-analysis aggregates a range of attributes derived from previous studies in a comprehensive model and provides a succinct overview of the differential role of service quality dimensions on spectators’ perceived value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions. It offers a roadmap for planning service delivery in spectator sport that contributes to recalibrate future directions for research and practice.</p

Antecedents and Consequences of Conspicuous Sport Consumption

Conspicuous consumption is when consumers acquire luxury goods and services to help publicly demonstrate their desired economic and social status. Even though conspicuous consumption can help individuals experience social distinction and a heightened sense of self-esteem, much still needs to be known about this occurrence in the context of sport. Accordingly, the focus of this study was to examine antecedents (i.e., Expertise and Self-esteem) and outcomes (i.e., Satisfaction and Subjective Well-being) of conspicuous consumption of upscale sport goods. An empirical study was conducted with cyclists (n = 393). The research model was analyzed using simultaneous equations analysis. Expertise was shown to have the largest impact on Satisfaction whereas Conspicuous Consumption had no impact on Satisfaction. Self-esteem was shown to have the largest influence on Subjective Well-being. Satisfaction also had a significant effect. However, the influence of Expertise on Subjective Well-being was not significant

Service Quality in Spectator Sports:A Review and Research Agenda

Although service quality in spectator sports has been subject to extensive research, comprehensive studies mapping the intellectual structure and foundations of service quality in spectator sports are scant. The purpose of the current study was to synthesise and analyse the literature on service quality in spectator sports, and set a new research agenda by conducting a hybrid integrated review of the articles between 1996 and 2023. A total of 149 peer-reviewed journal articles were analyzed. First, a bibliometric analysis provided the citation structure and evolution of publications, source impact, most cited articles, most productive authors and associated impact. Then, a framework-based review including the articles' context, theories, type of study, service quality dimensions, spectator outcomes and limitations was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge and identify future research directions. This study contributes to the literature by uncovering the structure and intellectual base of existent research, identifying gaps and suggesting a research agenda to deepen the understanding and management of service quality in spectator sports.</p