Organic crystalline films for optical applications and related methods of fabrication

The present invention provides organic single crystal films of less than 20 .mu.m, and devices and methods of making such films. The crystal films are useful in electro-optical applications and can be provided as part of an electro-optical device which provides strength, durability, and relative ease of manipulation of the mono-crystalline films during and after crystal growth

Novel Poisoning Attacks on Decentralized Federated Learning

Dieser Masterprojektbericht untersucht das Design und die prototypische Implementierung von Modellvergiftungsangriffen in Distributed Federated Learning (DFL)-Systemen. Federated Learning ist ein verteiltes maschinelles Lernframework, das es mehreren Datenbesitzern ermöglicht, gemeinsam Modelle zu trainieren, ohne ihre privaten Daten zu teilen. Dieses System ist jedoch anfällig für Modellvergiftungsangriffe, bei denen böswillige Teilnehmer schädliche Aktualisierungen einf¨uhren, um die Leistung des Modells zu verschlechtern. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Forschung liegt darin, zu untersuchen, wie die Effektivität von Vergiftungsangriffen intelligent gesteigert werden kann. Dies erfordert ein tiefes Verständnisder Arbeitsmechanismen von DFL, um potenzielle Schwachstellen zu identifizieren und auszunutzen. Das Projekt verfolgt einen vielseitigen Forschungsansatz, der die Bewertung der Sicherheit von DFL-Systemen, den Aufbau und die Validierung von Angriffsmodellen sowie die Prüfung ihrer Wirksamkeit in simulierten und realen Umgebungen umfasst. Die Hauptbeiträge dieses Projekts umfassen die Entwicklung neuer Angrffsstrategien, die auf Kosinus-Ähnlichkeit, maximalem Eigenwert und Fisher-Winkel basieren. Diese Strategien zielen darauf ab, fortschrittliche Aggregationsalgorithmen zu umgehen und die Qualität des globalen Modells zu verschlechtern. Dar¨uber hinaus integriert das Projekt diese Strategien in die Fedstellar-Plattform und bewertet ihre Leistung anhand verschiedener Metriken. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen Schwachstellen in aktuellen DFL-Systemen auf und bieten theoretische und praktische Einblicke in den Aufbau sichererer und zuverlässigerer Modelle

Hepatic angiosarcoma arising in an adult mesenchymal hamartoma

The histogenesis of the hepatic sarcoma and its association with hamartoma is not well understood. We hereby present a Chinese patient with hepatic angiosarcoma arising from an adult mesenchymal hamartoma of liver. A 33-yr-old woman was diagnosed hepatic hamartoma eight years ago and presented with epigastric distention recently. Now she was admitted to our hospital with some unusual features: (a) this patient was diagnosed in mid-twenties, (b) the tumor occupied the whole liver and most importantly (c) the hepatic angiosarcoma appeared 8 years after the diagnosis of hamartoma. Based on this case and some reports, hepatic hamartoma may develop to hepatic angiosarcoma

Research on CdZnTe and Other Novel Room Temperature Gamma Ray Spectrometer Materials

Room temperature gamma-ray spectrometers are being developed for a number of years for national security applications where high sensitivity, low operating power and compactness are indispensable. The technology has matured now to the point where large volume (several cubic centimeters) and high energy resolution (approximately 1% at 660 eV) of gamma photons, are becoming available for their incorporation into portable systems for remote sensing of signatures from nuclear materials

Benchmarking PathCLIP for Pathology Image Analysis

Accurate image classification and retrieval are of importance for clinical diagnosis and treatment decision-making. The recent contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) model has shown remarkable proficiency in understanding natural images. Drawing inspiration from CLIP, PathCLIP is specifically designed for pathology image analysis, utilizing over 200,000 image and text pairs in training. While the performance the PathCLIP is impressive, its robustness under a wide range of image corruptions remains unknown. Therefore, we conduct an extensive evaluation to analyze the performance of PathCLIP on various corrupted images from the datasets of Osteosarcoma and WSSS4LUAD. In our experiments, we introduce seven corruption types including brightness, contrast, Gaussian blur, resolution, saturation, hue, and markup at four severity levels. Through experiments, we find that PathCLIP is relatively robustness to image corruptions and surpasses OpenAI-CLIP and PLIP in zero-shot classification. Among the seven corruptions, blur and resolution can cause server performance degradation of the PathCLIP. This indicates that ensuring the quality of images is crucial before conducting a clinical test. Additionally, we assess the robustness of PathCLIP in the task of image-image retrieval, revealing that PathCLIP performs less effectively than PLIP on Osteosarcoma but performs better on WSSS4LUAD under diverse corruptions. Overall, PathCLIP presents impressive zero-shot classification and retrieval performance for pathology images, but appropriate care needs to be taken when using it. We hope this study provides a qualitative impression of PathCLIP and helps understand its differences from other CLIP models

Twelve-week treadmill endurance training in mice is associated with upregulation of interleukin-15 and natural killer cell activation and increases apoptosis rate in Hepa1-6 cell-derived mouse hepatomas

Regular exercise reduces the risk of malignancy and decreases the recurrence of cancer. However, the mechanisms behind this protection remain to be elucidated. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system, which play essential roles in immune defense and effectively prevent cancer metastasis. Physical exercise can increase the activity of NK cells. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is the best-studied cytokine activator of NK cells, and it was shown to have many positive functional effects on NK cells to improve antitumor responses. The aim of this study was to clarify the possible important mechanisms behind endurance exercise-induced changes in NK cell function, which may be highly correlated with IL-15. An animal model was used to study IL-15 expression level, tumor volume, cancer cell apoptosis, and NK cell infiltration after treadmill exercise. Although IL-15 was highly expressed in skeletal muscle, treadmill exercise further elevated IL-15 levels in plasma and muscle (P<0.05). In addition, tumor weight and volume of tumor-bearing mice were decreased (P<0.05), and liver tumor cell apoptosis was increased after 12 weeks of treadmill exercise (P<0.05). NK cell infiltration was upregulated in tumors from treadmill exercise mice, and the level of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-15 were higher than in sedentary mice (P<0.05). The study indicated that regular endurance training can reduce cancer risk, which was related to increased IL-15 expression, activation of the immune killing effect of NK cells, and promotion of tumor cell apoptosis, which can ultimately control tumor growth

An 8-week ketogenic diet improves exercise endurance and liver antioxidant capacity after weight loss in obese mice

Evolving evidence supports the role of the ketogenic diet (KD) in weight loss. However, no coherent conclusions are drawn on its impact on the effect of KD on exercise and antioxidant capacity after weight loss in obese individuals. We evaluated the exercise performance, energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity of mice after weight loss using high-fat diet-induced obese mice, and used KD and normal diet (ND) intervention, respectively, to provide a theoretical basis for further study of the health effects of KD. Our results showed that the 8-week KD significantly reduced the body weight of obese mice and improved the performance of treadmill exercise, but had no significant effect on grip strength. Serum biochemical results suggest that KD has the risk of elevating blood lipid. In liver tissue, KD significantly reduced the level of oxidative stress and increased the antioxidant capacity of the liver. Our findings suggest that the intervention with KD led to weight loss, modulate energy metabolism and improve aerobic exercise endurance in obese mice. Despite its antioxidant potential in the liver, the utilization of KD still requires caution. This study underscores the need for further investigation into the health impacts of KD, especially in regard to its potential risks

Dielectric study of dynamics of organic glasses

The dynamics of organic compounds 2-cyclo-octylamino-5-nitropyridine (COANP), (S)-2-N--(methylbenzylamino)-5-nitropyridine (MBANP), 2-(N-prolinol)-5-nitropyridine (PNP), and N-(4-nitrophenyl)-(L)-prolinol (NPP) were studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy in the frequency range of 10 Hz-2 MHz and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dielectric and DSC studies showed that COANP, MBANP and PNP underwent glass transition. However, NPP crystallized so rapidly upon cooling that the glass state could not be observed. It was found that the crystalline process of COANP did not slow the structure relaxation of COANP glass. The relaxation times fitted well to the empirical Vogel-Fulcher equation = expEa/kb(T-TVF). The activation energies Ea and the Vogel-Fulcher temperature TVF were 54.5 meV and 239 K for COANP, 86.2 meV and 249 K for MBANP and 84.9 meV and 245 K for PNP, respectively. The crystalline temperatures of COANP and MBANP were given as 300 K and 330 K, respectively. An anomalous behaviour of the dielectric permittivity of PNP glass was observed