The Time Response Analysis of a Hybrid Electronic Switch and Residual Current Devices System

Residual current devices are vital as they are used to protect humans from electric shocks and fire hazards. These devices detect the residual current in the grid, open the mechanism, and leave the grid without voltage. In this study, the time response of a newly designed hybrid system consisting of an electronic switch system and a residual current device to protect humans from hazards has been analyzed. A model consisting of capacitors and resistors has been used to simulate the human body. In the designed system, the average response time was found to be 1.37 ms, which operates with an average of 6.43 times faster than a conventional residual current device. The results of the study illustrated that the designed system leaves the circuit voltage-free much faster than a conventional residual current device and is more effective in protecting human life

Faktor XII Genotyp-Phänotyp bei Kindern mit venösen Thrombosen im Vergleich zu einem gesunden Kontrollkollektiv

Die Studie wurde durchgeführt um den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Faktor XII C46T Polymorphismus, der Faktor XII-Aktivität und dem Auftreten venöser Thrombosen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu untersuchen. Zwischen 2000 und 2004 wurden Kinder mit venösen Thrombosen (64) und gesunde Kinder (126) im Alter zwischen 0,1 Jahr und 18 Jahren in die Studie aufgenommen. Der Faktor XII C46T Polymorphismus wurde genotypisiert und die Faktor XII-Aktivität gemessen. Der bereits bekannte Zusammenhang zwischen dem Faktor XII C46T Polymorphismus und einer erniedrigten Faktor XII-Aktivität unterhalb der 10. Perzentile (p-value: <0,0001) wird in dieser Studie auch im Kindesalter unterstrichen. Der Faktor XII TT-Genotyp ist streng assoziiert mit Werten unterhalb der 10. Perzentile. Es konnte in dieser Studie jedoch kein Zusammenhang zwischen der FXII-Aktivität bzw. dem FXII-Genotyp und venösen Thrombosen im Kindesalter gezeigt werden

Antitumor Activity of NMS-P937 Specific Small-Molecule Polo-Like Kinase 1 Inhibitor, in PC3 Human Prostate Cancer, Hela Cervical Cancer, and SKOV-3 Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the antitumor activity of NMS-P937, a specific small-molecule polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor, in PC3 human prostate cancer, HeLa cervical cancer, and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell lines. Materials and methods: PC3, HeLa, and SKOV-3 cells were treated with NMS-P937 for 48 h. The viability was analyzed by XTT colorimetric assay. Since PC3 was found to be the most sensitive cell line, total oxidant status (TOS) values were evaluated in NMS-P937-treated and non-treated PC3 cells via TOS assay. Results: The proliferation of cancer cell lines was moderately inhibited by NMS-P937 in conjunction with the increase in concentration. The IC50 values of NMS-P937 in PC3, HeLa, and SKOV-3 cells were recorded as 27.3, 69.7, and 79.3 μM, respectively, for 48 h. TOS was measured in control and NMS-P937-treated PC3 cells and calculated as 3.15±0.36 and 4.49±0.64 μmol H2O2 Equiv./L, respectively, indicating the increased oxidative stress under the influence of the study compound (p=0.035). Conclusion: The PLK1 inhibitor NMS-P937 reduces the activity of cancer cell lines consisting of PC3 human prostate cancer, HeLa cervical cancer, and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer in a dose-dependent manner. This compound increases oxidative stress, which may play a pivotal role in the cytotoxic activity of the compound in PC3 cells. However, there is still a need to carry out both in vitro and in vivo studies, including different cancer cell lines and tumor models, and to reveal the adverse effects that may develop

Perinatal and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies over a 10-year period

Objectives: Poor overall neonatal outcomes, small neonatal head circumference, neonatal hypoglycemia, need for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and late-onset neonatal sepsis are more common in adolescents. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the outcomes of adolescent pregnancies. Material and methods: This retrospective study was conducted in adolescent singleton pregnancies with maternal age &lt; 15 years (n = 20, group 1), 16–19 years (n = 1929, group 2), and 20 years (n = 866, group 3). Age, gravidity, parity, and body mass index (BMI) measurements of mothers; mode of delivery, maternal and neonatal outcomes were evaluated and compared. Results: The rate of preterm birth, postpartum hemorrhage, asymmetrical intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR, as 3% percentile), macrosomia, and height of newborn of Group 3 was significantly higher. The rate of asymmetrical IUGR (as 10% percentile) was significantly lower in Group 3. The rate of severe preeclampsia and cesarean section was significantly higher in Group 3. The rate of Small for Gestational Age newborn, neonatal hypoglycemia, and late-onset neonatal sepsis was significantly higher in Group 1. Conclusions: Neonatal problems with poor obstetric outcomes are common in adolescent pregnant women, so that a family planning and baby care social trainings are important in achieving good long-term maternal and neonatal outcomes

FMF Is Associated With a Wide Spectrum of MHC Class I- and Allied SpA Disorders but Not With Classical MHC Class II-Associated Autoimmune Disease: Insights From a Large Cohort Study

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)-associated autoinflammation may exaggerate the tendency toward adaptive immunopathology or spondyloarthritis (SpA)-associated disorders including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I associated disorders but not classical MHC class II-associated disorders that exhibit transplacental autoimmunity including myasthenia gravis and pemphigus. Methods: Seven thousand seven hundred forty-seven FMF patients and 10,080 age- and sex-matched controls in the Clalit Health Services medical database were identified and compared in terms of prevalence of SpA-associated disorders. We also evaluated four classical and strong MHC class II-associated disorders, namely, pemphigus vulgaris, myasthenia gravis, sarcoidosis, and pernicious anemia, to ascertain whether such associations with SpA-spectrum disease were specific or merely reflected the non-specific consequences of innate immune system activation on driving divergent types of immunity. The diagnosis of FMF was based on the medical records and not genetically proven. Results: FMF showed a strong association with MHC class I-related diseases: odds ratio (OR) of 28.58 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 6.93–117.87; p < 0.0001] for Behçet's disease, OR of 10.33 (95% CI, 4.09–26.09; p < 0.0001) for ankylosing spondylitis, and OR of 1.67 (95% CI, 1.19–2.33; p = 0.0029) for psoriasis. For weakly MHC class I-linked diseases, an OR of 3.76 (95% CI, 2.48–5.69; p < 0.0001) for Crohn's disease and OR of 2.64 (95% CI, 1.52–4.56; p = 0.0005) for ulcerative colitis were found. No association was found between FMF and the four MHC class II-associated autoimmune disorders. Conclusion: FMF patients are associated with increased risk of SpA-related disease diagnosis including MHC-I-opathies but not MHC-II-associated autoimmune diseases, suggesting that tissue-specific dysregulation of innate immunity share between FMF and SpA spectrum disorders may drive adaptive immune MHC class I-associated conditions

The combination of metformin and high glucose increased longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans a DAF-16/FOXO-independent manner: cancer/diabetic model via C. elegans

IntroductionSedentary lifestyles and diets with high glycemic indexes are considered to be contributing factors to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes in humans. Metformin, a biguanide medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, has been observed to be associated with longevity; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this observation are still unknown.MethodsThe effects of metformin and high glucose, which have important roles in aging-related disease such as diabetes and cancer, were studied in lin-35 worms because they are associated with cancer-associated pRb function in mammals and have a tumour suppressor property.Results and DiscussionAccording to our results, the negative effect of high glucose on egg production of lin-35 worms was greater than that of N2 worms. High glucose shortened lifespan and increased body length and width in individuals of both strains. Metformin treatment alone extended the lifespan of N2 and lin-35 worms by reducing fertilization efficiency. However, when metformin was administered in the presence of high glucose, the lifespan of lin-35 worms was clearly longer compared to N2 worms. Additionally, we conclude that glucose and metformin in lin35 worms can extend life expectancy through a DAF-16/FOXO-independent mechanism. Furthermore, the results of this study will provide a new perspective on extending mammalian lifespan through the model organism C. elegans

Kalça protezli prostat kanseri hastaları için protez arkasındaki doz dağılımının film dozimetre ve statik MCL kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi

Total kalça protezleri uzun yıllardır kaza ya da eklem iltihabı sonucu hasar görmüs bir kalça ekleminin yerine yerlestirilmektedir. Kalça protezi yerlestirilmis bir hastaya radyoterapi uygulanması gerektiginde tedavi alanında protezin doz dagılımına etkisi çok önemlidir. Bu çalısmanın amacı kalça protezlerinin radyoterapi doz dagılımına etkisini belirlemektir. Bu çalısmada lineer hızlandırıcı ve katı su fantomu kullanılmıstır. Protezler ısınlanmadan önce lineer hızlandırıcının kalibrasyonu yapılmıs ve tolerans sınırları içinde çalısması saglanmıstır. Daha sonra katı su fantomlarının kurulumu yapılmıs ve protezler için hazırlanan katı fantomlar düzenek içine yerlestirilmistir. Protez kendisi için hazırlanan katı fantomun içinde durmakta iken 10 cm, 20 cm ve 30 cm derinliklere ayrı ayrı filmler yerlestirilmistir. 6 MV ve 18 MV foton enerjileri için protez varken ve protez yokken profil ölçümleri yapılmıstır. Ölçümlerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre 6 MV için, Co-Cr-Mo protezinde 10 cm derinlikte en fazla % 21,6; 20 cm derinlikte en fazla % 19,6; 30 cm derinlikte en fazla % 18,2; Co-Cr-Mo-Ti protezinde 10 cm derinlikte en fazla % 13,9; 20 cm derinlikte en fazla % 13,0; 30 cm derinlikte en fazla % 12,6 doz farkı gözlenmistir. 18 MV için, Co-Cr-Mo protezinde 10 cm derinlikte en fazla % 22,1; 20 cm derinlikte en fazla % 20,8; 30 cm derinlikte en fazla % 19,6; Co-Cr-Mo-Ti protezinde 10 cm derinlikte en fazla % 15,2; 20 cm derinlikte en fazla % 13,8; 30 cm derinlikte en fazla % 13,1 doz farkı gözlenmistir. 6 MV ve 18 MV için fantom ve protez arasında her iki protezde de her derinlikte doz dagılımı açısından istatistiksel yönden anlamlı bir fark saptanmıstır. 6 MV ve 18 MV için protezlerin profil ölçüm degerleri karsılastırıldıgında her derinlikte radyoterapi doz dagılımı açısından istatistiksel bir fark saptanmıstır. Kalça protezlerinin kemik gibi davranmayarak radyoterapi doz dagılımı açısından bir sorun yaratacagı ve tedavi planı yapılırken kalça protezlerinin gözönünde bulundurulması sonucuna varılmıstır

RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE AND AUTOIMMUNITY

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as having multiple pregnancy losses from either biochemical or clinical factors, while recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as having multiple successive pregnancy losses in early gestation up to 20 weeks. In obstetric practice, pregnancy loss is not an unusual case; 38% of pregnant women experienced spontaneous abortion before (Sugiura-Ogasawara et al. 2013). Despite this, it is estimated that one in 20 conceived females go through two consecutive miscarriages and only 1% of the sufferers would see a third or further miscarriages (De Groot et al. 2012; Ford and Schust 2009; Sugiura-Ogasawara et al. 2013). In other words, human females complete their pregnancy with embryo wastage; around 30% of the losses before implantation, 30% before the sixth gestational week (biochemical pregnancy loss), and 10–15% of clinical pregnancies up to 12 weeks of gestation (Teklenburg et al. 2010; Arslan and Branch 2020). RPL has several types of etiological causes (Ali et al. 2020). A history of RPL physically and psychologically lays a burden on pregnant women. This is why, screening for miscarriage risk factors is essential for the patients having a history of RM. By means of communication to the fetus through placental and decidual tissue in a proper and balanced way the mother may expect delivery. Otherwise, the interrupted or disrupted signals may lead to pregnancy failure (Rull et al. 2012; Grimstad and Krieg 2016). Many factors induce RM including aberrations of parental chromosomes, uterine malformations, infectious diseases, and endocrine and autoimmune disorders; however, several of these remain unexplained in about 50% of RM cases (Arias-Sosa et al. 2018; Ali et al. 2020; Liu et al. 2020). Second to chromosomal and genetic abnormalities, the underlying miscarriage cause is autoimmunity particularly that associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. The functional defects in various T-cell subsets in addition to the alteration of natural killer cell behavior as presented in recent studies are in relation to the indefinite mechanisms by which general autoimmunity predisposes to RM (Bansal et al. 2011)