The Relationship between Servant Leadership, Affective Commitment: Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Team Effectiveness

The goal of the study was to conduct an analysis of the relationships between servant leadership, affective team commitment, OCB and team effectiveness in the South African school system. A non-probability sample made up of 288 school teachers was drawn from 38 schools in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyse the data. Positive relationships were found between servant leadership and team effectiveness; servant leadership and affective team commitment, affective team commitment and team effectiveness, servant leadership and OCB; affective team commitment and OCB; and OCB and team effectiveness

Leierskapstyl en die lerende organisasie.

Leadership style and the learning organisation. In the present highly competitive environment, it has become increasingly important for organisational leaders to establish a learning organisation. In this study the focus was on the extent of influence that the evolution of organisations, as determined by their relative level of leadership practises (leadership style), has on the establishment of a learning organisation

The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and validation of a multi-dimensional instrument to measure servant leadership. Design/Methodology/Approach Based on an extensive literature review and expert judgment, 99 items were formulated. In three steps, using eight samples totaling 1571 persons from The Netherlands and the UK with a diverse occupational background, a combined exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis approach was used. This was followed by an analysis of the criterion-related validity. Findings: The final result is an eight-dimensional measure of 30 items: the eight dimensions being: standing back, forgiveness, courage, empowerment, accountability, authenticity, humility, and stewardship. The internal consistency of the subscales is good. The results show that the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) has convergent validity with other leadership measures, and also adds unique elements to the leadership field. Evidence for criterion-related validity came from studies relating the eight dimensions to well-being and performance. Implications: With this survey, a valid and reliable instrument to measure the essential elements of servant leadership has been introduced. Originality/Value The SLS is the first measure where the underlying factor structure was developed and confirmed across several field studies in two countries. It can be used in future studies to test the underlying premises of servant leadership theory. The SLS provides a clear picture of the key servant leadership qualities and shows where improvements can be made on the individual and organizational level; as such, it may also offer a valuable starting point for training and leadership development

The learning organisation.

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Structral equivalence of the Baruto and Wheeler Servant Leadership Questionnaire on North American and South African samples.

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Rejoinder: Comments on Barbuto, Story, and Gifford s Response i.e. Comments on Dannhauser and Boshoff s Structural Equivalence of the Barbuto and Wheeler Servant Leadership Questionnaire on North American and South African Samples .

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Value disciplines: measuring customer preferences.

According to the World Competitiveness Report: 1999, South Africa ranks poorly in terms of delivering customer services (Garelli, 1999). In order to assist South African organisations to identify their customers' value preferences, three scales collectively called the Customer Preference Questionnaire (CPQ) were developed. The purpose was to assess the three value disciplines as conceptualised by Treacy and Wiersema (1993; 1995a; 1995b) by empirically evaluating the CPQ and determining the psychometrical properties of the various identified scales. A combined sample (N = 436), consisting of undergraduate (N = 281) and post-graduate (N = 155) students in the field of human resource management, were asked to assess the university from a customer's point of view. All three scales were subjected to factor analysis and iterative item analysis. The three scales yielded acceptable alpha coefficients, indicating that customers' preferences could be measured reliably. The implications of these findings are discussed

Value disciplines: measuring customer preferences

According to the World Competitiveness Report: 1999, South Africa ranks poorly in terms of delivering customer services (Garelli, 1999). In order to assist South African organisations to identify their customers' value preferences, three scales collectively called the Customer Preference Questionnaire (CPQ) were developed. Opsomming Luidens die World Competitiveness Report: 1999 vaar Suid-Afrika swak ten opsigte van klientediens-lewering (Garelli, 1999). Om Suid-Afrikaanse organisasies te help met die identifisering van hulle kliente se waardevoorkeure, is drie skale wat gesamentlik die Klientevoorkeurvraelys (CPQ) genoem word, ontwikkel

Conclusion.

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Subjective cognitive impairment: Functional MRI during a divided attention task

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) have persistent memory complaints but normal neurocognitive performance. For some, this may represent a pre-mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given that attentional deficits and associated brain activation changes are present early in the course of AD, we aimed to determine whether SCI is associated with brain activation changes during attentional processing.MethodsEleven SCI subjects and 10 controls completed a divided attention task during functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsSCI and control groups did not differ in sociodemographic, neurocognitive or behavioural measures. When group activation during the divided attention task was compared, the SCI group demonstrated increased activation in left medial temporal lobe, bilateral thalamus, posterior cingulate and caudate.ConclusionThis pattern of increased activation is similar to the pattern of decreased activation reported during divided attention in AD and may indicate compensatory changes. These findings suggest the presence of early functional changes in SCI; longitudinal studies will help to further elucidate the relationship between SCI and AD.</jats:sec