How to Solve the Fronthaul Traffic Congestion Problem in H-CRAN?

The design of efficient wireless fronthaul connections for future heterogeneous networks incorporating emerging paradigms such as heterogeneous cloud radio access network (H-CRAN) has become a challenging task that requires the most effective utilization of fronthaul network resources. In this paper, we propose and analyze possible solutions to facilitate the fronthaul traffic congestion in the scenario of Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) for 5G cellular traffic which is expected to reach ZetaByte by 2017. In particular, we propose to use distributed compression to reduce the fronthaul traffic for H-CRAN. Unlike the conventional approach where each coordinating point quantizes and forwards its own observation to the processing centre, these observations are compressed before forwarding. At the processing centre, the decompression of the observations and the decoding of the user messages are conducted in a joint manner. Our results reveal that, in both dense and ultra-dense urban small cell deployment scenarios, the usage of distributed compression can efficiently reduce the required fronthaul rate by more than 50% via joint operation

Cigarette Smoking Habits Among University Students: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Smoking is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and is estimated to kill 5 million people each year worldwide. If current patterns of tobacco consumption continue, smoking will kill more than 8 million people each year globally by the year 2030, with 80% of these deaths in the developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking among male university students in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 542 male students at University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir in Muzaffarabad from July to December 2015. The socio-demographic characteristics and cigarette smoking behavior of the students were measured by using a standardized pre-tested self-administrated validated questionnaire in English. The overall prevalence of cigarette smoking among students was found to be 49.4%. The mean age of starting cigarette smoking was 19.2 2.73 years. Age, marital status and education were found significantly associted with cigarette smoking behavior (p-value<0.05). The most common reason for cigarette smoking was stress alleviation (35.0%) followed by peer pressure (24.5%). As cigarette smoking is considerably higher among students. There is a need to develop effective tobacco control measures among university students in Muzaffarabad

Study of the atmospheric turbulence in free space optical communications

Abstract-In this paper the effect of atmospheric turbulence on free space optical (FSO) communications is investigated experimentally by designing a turbulence simulation chamber. The distributions of bits ‘0 ’ and ‘1 ’ levels are measured with and without turbulence. The bit error rate (BER) is then obtained from the distributions. The temperature gradient within the channel is less than 6 °C resulting in turbulence of log irradiance variance of 0.002. The received average signal is measured and used to characterise the simulated turbulence strength. We then evaluated the BER with turbulence and found that from an error free link in the absence of turbulence, the BER increased significantly to about 10-4 due to the turbulence effect. I

Spectral Efficiency Improvements in HetNets by Exploiting Device-to-Device Communications

Next generation cellular networks require huge capacity, ubiquitous coverage and maximum energy efficiency. In order to meet these targets, Device-to-device (D2D) communication is being considered for future heterogeneous networks (HetNets). In this paper, we consider a three tier hierarchical HetNet by exploiting D2D communication in traditional HetNet. D2D communication is deployed within the HetNet where closely located mobile users are engaged in direct communication without routing the traffic through cellular access network. The proposed configuration mandates to reduce the interference offered by the resultant HetNet by reducing the transmitter-receiver distance and ensuring that the mobile users are transmitting with adaptive power subject to maintaining their desired link quality. In this context, we analyzed and compared the spectral efficiency improvements in hierarchical HetNet against traditional HetNet. Simulation results show that D2D communication offers much higher spectral efficiency as compared to traditional HetNet

Effect of Cooperative Learning Method Jigsaw Type to Learning Motivation and Learning Outcome in Student

Each educational unit has a system to produce qualified graduates. Higher education system in Indonesia has four main stages namely input, process, output and outcomes. To produce quality outcomes, it is necessary to improve the learning process. One of the efforts to improve the learning process is by using the method of learning in accordance with the Competency Based Curriculum that is cooperative learning method, one of these methods that can be applied is cooperative learning method jigsaw. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of jigsaw cooperative learning methods on motivation and student learning outcomes in Diploma Program Nursing of STIKes Kepanjen. This research method using quantitative method with quasi experimental design with pre-test-post-test, statistical test used is paired sample t-test. The results of this study indicate that the provision of learning methods using cooperative type Jigsaw can affect student motivation and learning outcome

A Tablet Screen Cast Receiver for Classroom with Low End Android Devices

Salah satu aktivitas menggunakan tablet adalah presentasi. Saat ini, kebanyakan aktivitas presentasi dilakukan menggunakan adapter VGA untuk bisa tersambung dengan LCD Proyektor. Konfigurasi ini memungkin presentasi berbasis kabel. Dan ini adalah hal yang menyulitkan penggunaannya untuk perangkat tablet yang memiliki sifat mobilitas tinggi. Beruntung, sudah ada banyak vendor yang menyediakan sistem presentasi yang bersahabat dengan membuatnya menjadi nirkabel. Tapi sistem tersebut hanya mendukung perangkat tablet high end. Pada makalah ini, kami mengajukan sebuah penerima tablet screen cast untuk perangkat tablet android low end. Yang memiliki potensi untuk diimplementasikan di kelas. Dari eksperimen, kami memperoleh hasil 9 FPS dengan delay sebesar 2 detik

Pengaruh Seleksi Terhadap Penempatan (Studi Pada Karyawan Bagian Produksi PT. Lieas Tekstil Lawang)

The purpose of this research is to explain the effect of variable Job Qualification and Selection Steps simultaneously and partially to the variable placement of employees. The research method used explanatory research with quantitative approach. Data collection techniques used distribute questionnaires to a sample of 68 production employees of PT. Lieas Textil Lawang. Data analysis in this research uses a descriptive analysis set out with a frequency distribution table and multiple linear regression analysis with the help of computer software SPSS v. 22.0.0. Based on the test results showed that the variables F Job Qualification and Selection Steps has a simultaneous effect on the variable placement of employees. In the t test results Job Qualification variable significantly affect the Employee Placement, While variable selection steps does not significantly affect the Employee Placement

Good Governance dalam 5 Kebijakan Prioritas Departemen Kehutanan

Pengusahaan hutan alam Indonesia dalam skala besar dan laju konversi hutan yang tinggi telah menyebabkan permasalahan-permasalahan ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan. Pemerintah, melalui departemen kehutanan telah menetapkan 5 (lima) kebijakan prioritas untuk menangani persoalan-persoalan di bidang kehutanan. Kelima kebijakan prioritas tersebut adalah : (1) Pemberantasan pencurian kayu dari hutan negara dan perdagangan kayu illegal; (2) Revitalisasi sektor kehutanan (khususnya industri kayu); (3) Rehabilitasi dan koservasi sumberdaya hutan; (4) Pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar hutan; dan (5) pemantapan kawasan hutan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi apakah kebijakan-kebijakan prioritas tersebut telah dirumuskan dan dimplementasikan berdasarkan kaidah-kaidah good forest governance. Analisis kebijakan ini merupakan evaluasi kualitatif atas paket kebijakan prioritas Departemen Kehutanan dengan menyusun kriteria dan indikator kebijakan yang baik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa program-program yang dirancang oleh Departemen Kehutanan masih belum diperlengkapi dengan piranti pengawasan dan prosedur pelaporan yang baik. Lebih jauh lagi, program atau kebijakan nasional masih belum mampu mendayagunakan sumberdaya ilmiah, terutama teknologi sebagai justifikasi ataupun alat memperbesar peluang keberhasilan. Analisis kebijakan ini merupakan evaluasi kualitatif atas paket kebijakan prioritas Departemen Kehutanan dengan menyusun kriteria dan indikator kebijakan yang baik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa program-program yang dirancang oleh Departemen Kehutanan masih belum diperlengkapi dengan piranti pengawasan dan prosedur pelaporan yang baik. Lebih jauh lagi, program atau kebijakan nasional masih belum mampu mendayagunakan sumberdaya ilmiah, terutama teknologi sebagai justifikasi ataupun alat memperbesar peluang keberhasilan

Koeksistensi Konsep Makna Simbolik Rumah Kaum Kaomu (Malige) dengan Kantor Dispenda Kota Baubau

Kenyataan diberbagai kota besar di dunia memang menunjukkan gejala kian lunturnya jatidiri akibat bermunculannya karya-karya arsitektur moderen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dan mengidentifikasi koeksistensi rumah kaum Kaomu (Malige) dengan Kantor Dispenda. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kota Baubau Kabupaten Buton Sulawesi Tenggara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan kausal komparatif terhadap rumah kaum Kaomu dengan kantor Dispenda. Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa koeksistensi konsep makna simbolik antara rumah kaum Kaomu (Malige) dengan kantor Dispenda ada dan sudah dimodifikasi