Turning Natural Fiber Reinforced Cement Composite as Innovative Alternative Sustainable Construction Material: A Review Paper

In recent years, a great deal of interest in concrete leads to the most frequently used sustainable construction material. Using of natural fiber as fiber reinforcement effectively improved strength, ductility and durability requirements of high performance cement composites. Regretly, natural fibers are dumped as agricultural waste (e.g. coconut, bamboo, wood or chips, bast fiber, leaf fiber, seed and fruit fibers, etc), so can be easily available low cost. The applications of natural fiber for sustainable construction material design can be done as filler or masonry composites, reinforcement, thermal conductivity, cementations/binder, etc. Previous and current researchers focusing the natural fiber to improve the properties of lightweight composites still required a lot of investigations to make it improved. However, the present work consists of the availability of natural fiber waste substance, sustainable construction materials are evaluated for their physico-mechanical properties of sustainable construction materials, method of production and environmental impact of several materials. No doubt, the application of natural fiber provides a solution to conservation of natural resource and energy

Improvement of cylinder buckling knockdown factor through imperfection sensitivity

This paper encompasses the work from numerical model by investigating the compression response of CFRP composite cylinder shells. The aim of this paper is to improve the reliability of NASA SP-8007 design guideline. The cylinder geometrical imperfections were tested through numerical modelling and validate with the experiment results. Good results comparison has been obtained through the work with small amount of errors. The cylinder shell load carrying capacity has been improved by average of 56% through imperfection study. This work builds confidence in the future use of non-linear finite element for the design of composite cylinder subjected to axial compression load

Response of suction distribution due to variations of permeability in residual soil slope

A landslide in residual soil normally occurs immediately after heavy rainfall. Previous studies have shown that decrease in matric suction during rainfall decreases the shear strength of soil and results in landslides. One of the factors that contribute to infiltration of water into soil is permeability of the soil which varies with depth. The variations of permeability can either prevent or allow water to infiltrate into deeper soil layer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the suction distribution in a two-layered residual soil system with variable permeability function using laboratory physical slope model. The Ksat for Grade V varies from 5.11 × 10-4 m/s for relict joint of 100 mm spacing to 5.40 × 10-5 m/s for relict joint of 300 mm spacing. Meanwhile the Ksat for Grade VI represent Grade VI without burrow holes, 5.00 × 10-7 m/s and Ksat with burrow holes, 6.98 × 10-4 m/s. The infiltration tests were conducted for 12 series of experimental program. The suction distribution due to variations of permeability and rainfall intensity were determined. The results illustrated that suction distribution responded in various ways depending on permeability of the layered soil and also the rainfall intensity

Dielectric properties of La0.67sr0.33Mnl-xTix03 with x = 0.4 and 0.6.

The dielectric properties of Ti-substituted La0.67Sr0.33Mn1-xTixO3 with x = 0.4 and 0.6 as a function of frequency and temperature have been investigated. The samples have been prepared using the conventional solid state reaction method at 1300oC. Both samples showed rhombohedral structure with R3C space group. The grain size of x = 0.4 and 0.6 are ~2.5 to 3.3 μm and ~0.4 to 0.9 μm respectively. The dielectric constant, ε' of the samples decreases with frequency but increases with temperature. We have successfully obtained very high dielectric constant material. The highest ε' value for LSMT with x = 0.4 and 0.6 are at frequency of 10 Hz and temperature 300 K, which are ~5.7 x 106 and ~2.4 x 106. The tan δ increases with temperature for x = 0.6 but shows a peak at a certain temperature for x = 0.4. Sample with x = 0.4 has better dielectric properties compared to x = 0.6 sample because it has higher ε' and lower tan δ value. At 175 K and 1 kHz sample with x = 0.4 shows the best dielectric properties with a high ε’ value and low tan δ which are 1.1 x 105 and 0.8 respectively

Characteristics of alternating current conductivity in ternary zinc calcium phosphate glasses.

Binary (CaO)x(P2O5)1−x glasses with mole fraction x=0.05–0.4 with an interval of 0.05 and ternary (ZnO)x(CaO)0.3−x(P2O5)0.7 glasses with mole fraction x=0.01–0.09 with an interval of 0.02 were synthesized by the melt quenching technique over a wide composition range. The electrical properties of these glasses were investigated by ac impedance spectroscopy from 10 to 1 MHz for temperatures ranging from room temperature to 300°C. The conductivity of both samples shows dispersive behavior at lower temperatures, while at higher temperatures the conductivity is almost constant at the lower end of the frequency, approaching the dc conductivity limit and rises rapidly as the frequency is increased. We also observed that the onset of the dispersion shifted to higher frequencies with the increase in temperature. The dc conductivity (σdc) was found to increase with higher temperatures. The activation energy for electrical conduction, Eσ and activation energy for electrical relaxation, Eτ for (ZnO)x (CaO)0.3−x (P2O5)0.7 were found to be slightly higher than (CaO)x (P2O5)1−x. Observations of the dielectric strength, Δɛ, of (ZnO)x (CaO)0.3−x (P2O5)0.7 glasses showed that Δɛ increased with the increase of ZnO

Friction and wear phenomena of vegetable oil based lubricants with additives at severe sliding wear conditions

The tribological responses of palm oil and soybean oil, combined with two commercial antiwear additives (zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and boron compound), were investigated at a lubricant temperature of 100 °C and under severe contact conditions in a reciprocating sliding contact. The friction coefficient of palm oil with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate was closest to the commercial mineral engine oil, with a 2% difference. The soybean oil with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate produced a 57% improvement in wear resistance compared to its pure oil state. The existence of boron nitride in vegetable oils was only responsive in reduction of wear rather than friction. The response of commercial antiwear additives with vegetable oils showed a potential for the future improvement in the performance of vegetable oils

PENGARUH LIMBAH KULIT KOPI PENGOLAHAN SEDERHANA DENGAN LEVEL SUBTITUSI SEBAGIAN JAGUNG TERHADAP PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI AYAM PEDAGING

THE EFFECT OF SKIN WASTE COFFEE SIMPLE PROCESSING COFFEE WASTE WITH CORN SUBTITUTION LEVELS ON THE APPEARANCE OF CHICKEN PRODUCTION. The study aims to determine the extent of the effect of coffee skin waste in the ration on the appearance of broiler production. Chicken strain used by CP. 707 aged 1 day as many as 144 tails using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern 3 x 4 where, factor A1 is the skin of the sun dried, A2 soaked and A3 boiled. Meanwhile, Factor B is 4 levels of coffee skin substitution for corn where, B0 = 0%, B1 = 25%, B2 = 50%, B3 = 75% with each treatment of 3 replications. The results of the diversity analysis showed that, the interaction between coffee skin (A) drying, soaking, boiling with substitution level (B) had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on ration consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion. Meanwhile, different results are shown by the level of substitution (B) which gives a different effect (P <0.05) on body weight gain. ration consumption, feed conversion, i.e. portion of ration consumption 1014.18% - 125.47%, weight gain 25.13% - 54.95%, and ration conversion 2.28% - 2.55%. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the coffee skin can replace some of the corn with the best replacement at the level of 25% in all processing methods.Keywords: Broiler, coffee skin waste, feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion

Malignancy risk analysis in patients with inadequate fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid

Background Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the standard diagnostic modality for thyroid nodules. However, it has limitations among which is the incidence of non-diagnostic results (Thy1). Management of cases with repeatedly non-diagnostic FNAC ranges from simple observation to surgical intervention. We aim to evaluate the incidence of malignancy in non-diagnostic FNAC, and the success rate of repeated FNAC. We also aim to evaluate risk factors for malignancy in patients with non-diagnostic FNAC. Materials and Methods Retrospective analyses of consecutive cases with thyroid non diagnostic FNAC results were included. Results Out of total 1657 thyroid FNAC done during the study period, there were 264 (15.9%) non-diagnostic FNAC on the first attempt. On repeating those, the rate of a non-diagnostic result on second FNAC was 61.8% and on third FNAC was 47.2%. The overall malignancy rate in Thy1 FNAC was 4.5% (42% papillary, 42% follicular and 8% anaplastic), and the yield of malignancy decreased considerably with successive non-diagnostic FNAC. Ultrasound guidance by an experienced head neck radiologist produced the lowest non-diagnostic rate (38%) on repetition compared to US guidance by a generalist radiologist (65%) and by non US guidance (90%). Conclusions There is a low risk of malignancy in patients with a non-diagnostic FNAC result, commensurate to the risk of any nodule. The yield of malignancy decreased considerably with successive non-diagnostic FNAC

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-Based for Slope Mapping and the Determination of Potential Slope Hazard

This paper discusses the applications of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for geological mapping and the determination of cross-section of certain selected area. With the development of modern technology, the utilization of UAV to gather data for geological mapping can be considered as finest method as it is quick, reliable, precise, cost-effective and also easily to operate. High imagery quality is essential for the effectiveness and nature of normal mapping output such as Digital Surface Model (DSM) and also Ortho Images. The utilization of UAV to capture aerial photo helps to gather information from a normal area to an area which almost impossible to reach. With the data obtained by the UAV, it will later be processed in established software and the analysis of slope profile of certain selected study area will be done. From these analyses, the potential slope hazards which based on slope angles will be determined and considered as another interest of this study