Transesterification of triglycerides with ethyl alcohol in the presence of cation-exchange resin KU-2-8 modified by metal ions

Досліджено алкоголіз соняшникової олії етиловим спиртом у присутності каталізаторів – катіоніту КУ-2- 8 у Н-формі та з іммобілізованими іонами металів, а також аніоніту АВ-17-8. Встановлено, що заміна у катіоніті йону гідрогену на катіон металу знижує активність каталізатора і рівноважну конверсію тригліцеридів. Визначено вплив концентрації каталізатора на конверсію соняшникової олії, оптичну густину і кислотне число продуктів реакції. Встановлено, що оптимальна концентрація катіоніту при мольному співвідношенні соняшникова олія : етанол – 1 : 4 повинна становити 2 мас. %. Показано можливість повторного використання в процесі алкоголізу каталізатора КУ-2-8 без будь-якої попередньої підготовкиThe transesterification of sunflower oil with ethyl alcohol in the presence of catalysts – cation-exchange resin KU-2-8 in the H-form and KU-2-8 modified by metal ions and anion-exchange resin AV-17-8 has been studied. It was established that the replacement of cation of hydrogen on a cation of metal reduces the activity of the catalyst and the equilibrium conversion of triglycerides. The influence of catalyst concentration on sunflower oil conversion, optical density and acid number of the reaction products has been studied. It was established that in molar ratio of sunflower oil: ethanol – 1: 4 the optimum concentration of cation-exchange resin should be 2 wt. %. It was showed the possibility of re-use of catalyst KU-2-8 for the alcoholysis process

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ї МЕТОДИЧНІ ОСНОВИ ВИВЧЕННЯ ГУМАНІТАРНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН У ВИЩОМУ Т ЕХНІЧНОМУ НАВЧАЛЬНОМУ ЗАКЛАДІ

The article is devoted to forming problem of integrated knowledge for humanitarian students' disciplines of technical universities. Grounded, that a system of integrated knowledge from humanitarian disciplines expediently inculcate into sparring process of technical universities in appearance of sparring metaobjects, which contains the different components. Developed the maintenance selection criterions of humanitarian metaobjects for technical universities

ДИСЦИПЛІНА «ДІЛОВА АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА» В СУЧАСНИХ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ УМОВАХ

In the article the basic forming aspects of professional communicative competence and teaching methods of business English by improvement of teaching projects’ quality are considered. One of the basic principle o f the proposed methodic is autonomy of creative educational process

ABSORPTION AND LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF ACID AND SALT FORMS OF MONONUCLEOTIDES, THEIR COMPONENTS AND COMPLEXES WITH D-MANNITOL AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Aim. The aim of this work was to analyze and compare spectral properties of aqueous nucleotide solutions in conditions close to biological systems. We studied the absorption and luminescence (Ex and Em fluorescence and Em phosphorescence) of monoribonucleotides, their disodium salts, bases and nucleosides, and mixes with D-mannitol dissolved in water at room temperature. Methods. There were measured absorbance spectra using a Specord 210plus instrument and fluorescence excitation and emission and phosphorescence spectra using Horiba Fluoro Max 4+ instruments. Results. There were obtained the absorption, excitation, and luminescence spectra of aqueous solutions 1 mg/ml of nucleotides, their components, and mixtures with mannitol (in ratio 1:4). We observed a change in the ratio between the peaks of the spectra of acidic and salt forms of nucleotides. Conclusions. The observations confirmed that nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleic acid bases exhibit luminescence at room temperature, which might be useful information for further research in this area. In addition, a comparative analysis of the spectra showed possible interactions between nucleotide molecules and mannitol

ВЕНДИНГОВИЙ СТАРТАП НА УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ РИНКУ

Vending is a type of retailing, which means selling products and services through automated systems (vending machines (vendors) or terminals). Currently issues of improving vending services considering current market trends and specifics are not sufficiently investigated neither in theoretical nor in practical aspects, which determines the relevance of the research. The authors have described the essence and meaning of the term "vending" and its role. Global trends in this market segment are analyzed as well. The relevance of the vending startup on the domestic market and major segments of vending in Ukraine are highlighted. The main benefits of the introduction of vending startup for an entrepreneur are systematized. Entry barriers to this market and the approximate size of the required initial capital are highlighted. A range of vending machines and their pricing is analyzed, and the formula to calculate the payback period of the vending startup is highlighted. Essential stages of implementation of the vending business are provided. The possible dangers that may arise during the vendor operations are described. Based on the research we can conclud that vending is a profitable and promising business in Ukraine. In comparison to traditional retailing vending has many advantages, including: 1) no costs for office and storage space maintenance, – they are not needed, 2) involvement of minimum human resources, – a salesman is not needed for the machine, 3) easy business from the legal point of view, – special permits are not necessary, simplified taxation scheme is applicable. Modern vending – is not only a promising and profitable type of business but also innovative technologies. Today vending business in Ukraine is highly segmented and underdeveloped (niche occupancy is 15-20 %), has huge prospects, there are unoccupied market niches. It is quite easy to open vending business compared to other forms of small business. On average payback period of a vending machine is 1-1.5 years. The highest returns can be provided by devices with high mark-up goods. Service life of vending machines can be up to 10 years, so after providing payback they can generate income for many years. Developed network of vending machines is fully capable to provide its owner with high and stable incomes.Рассмотрены сущность и значение вендинга, а также приведены мировые тенденции развития этого сегмента рынка. Проанализирована актуальность вендингового стартапа на отечественном рынке и приведены основные сегменты вендинга в Украине. Рассмотрены основные преимущества при внедрении такого стартапа для предпринимателя. Приведены барьеры входа на рынок и выделен примерный размер необходимого стартового капитала. Детально проанализированы ассортимент торговых автоматов и их ценовая политика, а также выделена формула для расчета срока окупаемости вендингового стартапа. Приведены необходимые этапы внедрения вендингового бизнеса. Также рассмотрены возможные опасности, которые могут возникнуть в ходе эксплуатации вендоров.Розглянуто сутність та значення вендингу, а також наведено світові тенденції розвитку цього сегмента ринку. Проаналізовано актуальність вендингового стартапу на вітчизняному ринку та наведено основні сегменти вендингу в Україні. Розглянуто основні переваги при впровадженні такого стартапу для підприємця. Наведено бар’єри входу на ринок і виділено приблизний розмір необхідного стартового капіталу. Детально проаналізовано асортимент торгових автоматів та їхню цінову політику, а також виділено формулу для розрахунку терміну окупності вендингового стартапу. Наведено потрібні етапи впровадження вендингового бізнесу. Також розглянуто можливі небезпеки, які можуть виникнути у ході експлуатації вендорів

USAGE OF NUKLEX IN THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C

Usage of Nuklex for treatment of hepatitis C is accompanied by a rapid disappearance of the main clinical symptoms, improvement of health in the patients, supports normalization of cytolytic liver function in patients with minimal or moderate activity hepatitis. Based on the obtained  data, it can be considered the isolate usage of Nuklex as the only antiviral drug for hepatitis C patients with low initial viral load HCV (<800,000 IU/ml) in a daily dose of 1.5 g. It is rather prospective to continue to study the efficiency of Nuklex in patients with hepatitis C with an initial high viral load HCV (>800,000 IU/ml) in complex therapy with other antiviral drug