Community Gardening: Benefits Focused Strategies

Throughout history humans have had varying degrees of interaction with nature and natural environments. This interaction has shaped our species in almost every way possible from our physical traits to our behaviors and places we have chosen to occupy. Currently, humans have developed such overwhelming mastery of the planet that it is easy for many humans to feel disconnected from nature. This separation could have detrimental effects on various aspects of human well-being including physical and mental health. To understand these effects, it is important to evaluate the benefits that humans receive from exposure to nature and interaction with natural environments. One of the most effective ways to realize these benefits is through horticulture, which provides opportunities for interaction with nature on multiple levels. These benefits can be realized by large numbers of people in different settings. Rural populations are likely to have more opportunities for interaction with nature than urban populations. Rural dwellers have greater access to natural environments, agriculture, and opportunities for the development of gardens within the home. Urban dwellers often have less access to natural environments and fewer opportunities to engage in horticulture. Community gardening can make these benefits accessible to large populations in rural or urban areas

Checkerboard local density of states in striped domains pinned by vortices

Within a Green's function formalism we calculate the electronic structure around static extended magnetic and non-magnetic perturbations in a d-wave superconductor. In partucular, we discuss recent elastic neutron scattering and scanning tunneling experiments on High-T_c cuprates exposed to an applied magnetic field. A physical picture consisting of antiferromagnetic vortex cores operating as pinning centers for surrounding stripes is qualitatively consistent with the neutron data provided the stripes have the usual antiphase modulation. The low energy electronic structure in such a region reveals a checkerboard interference pattern consistent with recent scanning tunneling experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Improving Machine Translation of Educational Content via Crowdsourcing

The limited availability of in-domain training data is a major issue in the training of application-specific neural machine translation models. Professional outsourcing of bilingual data collections is costly and often not feasible. In this paper we analyze the influence of using crowdsourcing as a scalable way to obtain translations of target in-domain data having in mind that the translations can be of a lower quality. We apply crowdsourcing with carefully designed quality controls to create parallel corpora for the educational domain by collecting translations of texts from MOOCs from English to eleven languages, which we then use to fine-tune neural machine translation models previously trained on general-domain data. The results from our research indicate that crowdsourced data collected with proper quality controls consistently yields performance gains over general-domain baseline systems, and systems fine-tuned with pre-existing in-domain corpora

Renormalized mean-field theory of the neutron scattering in cuprate superconductors

The magnetic excitation spectrum of the t-t'-J-model is studied in mean-field theory and compared to inelastic neutron-scattering (INS) experiments on YBCO and BSCCO superconductors. Within the slave-particle formulation the dynamical spin response is calculated from a renormalized Fermi liquid with an effective interaction ~J in the magnetic particle--hole channel. We obtain the so-called 41meV resonance at wave vector (pi,pi) as a collective spin-1 excitation in the d-wave superconducting state. It appears sharp (undamped), if the underlying Fermi surface is hole-like with a sufficient next-nearest-neighbor hopping t'<0. The double-layer structure of YBCO or BSCCO is not important for the resonance to form. The resonance energy \omega_{res} and spectral weight at optimal doping come out comparable to experiment. The observed qualitative behavior of \omega_{res} with hole filling is reproduced in the underdoped as well as overdoped regime. A second, much broader peak becomes visible in the magnetic excitation spectrum if the 2D wave-vector is integrated over. It is caused by excitations across the maximum gap, and in contrast to the resonance its energy is almost independent of doping. At energies above or below \omega_{res} the commensurate resonance splits into incommensurate peaks, located off (pi,pi). Below \omega_{res} the intensity pattern is of `parallel' type and the dispersion relation of incommensurate peaks has a negative curvature. This is in accordance with recent INS experiments on YBCO.Comment: 17pp including 14 figure

Trifluridine/tipiracil versus placebo for third or later lines of treatment in metastatic gastric cancer: an exploratory subgroup analysis from the TAGS study

Metastatic gastric cancer; Overall survival; Trifluridine/tipiracilCàncer gàstric metastàtic; Supervivència global; Trifluridina/tipiracilCáncer gástrico metastásico; Supervivencia global; Trifluridina/tipiraciloBackground Metastatic gastric cancer and cancer of the esophagogastric junction (GC/EGJ) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. In the TAGS study, trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) improved overall survival (OS) compared with placebo in heavily pre-treated patients. This unplanned, exploratory subgroup analysis of the TAGS study aimed to clarify outcomes when FTD/TPI was used as third-line (3L) treatment and fourth- or later-line (4L+) treatment. Patients and methods Patients were divided into a 3L group (126 and 64 in FTD/TPI and placebo arms, respectively) and 4L+ group (211 and 106 in FTD/TPI and placebo arms, respectively). Endpoints included OS, progression-free survival (PFS), time to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) deterioration to ≥2, and safety. Results Baseline characteristics were generally well balanced between FTD/TPI and placebo for 3L and 4L+ treatment. Median OS (mOS) for FTD/TPI versus placebo was: 6.8 versus 3.2 months {hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 0.68 (0.47-0.97), P = 0.0318} in the 3L group; and 5.2 versus 3.7 months [0.73 (0.55-0.95), P = 0.0192] in the 4L+ group. Median PFS for FTD/TPI versus placebo was 3.1 versus 1.9 months [0.54 (0.38-0.77), P = 0.0004] in the 3L group; and 1.9 versus 1.8 months [0.57 (0.44-0.74), P < 0.0001] in the 4L+ group. Time to deterioration of ECOG PS to ≥2 for FTD/TPI versus placebo was 4.8 versus 2.0 months [HR (95% CI) = 0.60 (0.42-0.86), P = 0.0049] in the 3L group; and 4.0 versus 2.5 months [0.75 (0.57-0.98), P = 0.0329] in the 4L+ group. The safety of FTD/TPI was consistent in all subgroups. Conclusions This analysis confirms the efficacy and safety of FTD/TPI in patients with GC/EGJ in third and later lines with a survival benefit that seems slightly superior in 3L treatment. When FTD/TPI is taken in 3L as recommended in the international guidelines, physicians can expect to provide patients with an mOS of 6.8 months.The TAGS study was funded by Taiho Oncology and Taiho Pharmaceutical (no grant number). This exploratory subgroup analysis was funded by Servier (no grant number)

Deficient mismatch repair: Read all about it (Review)

Defects in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, result in a phenotype called microsatellite instability (MSI), occurring in up to 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers. Approximately one quarter of colon cancers with deficient MMR (dMMR) develop as a result of an inherited predisposition syndrome, Lynch syndrome (formerly known as HNPCC). It is essential to identify patients who potentially have Lynch syndrome, as not only they, but also family members, may require screening and monitoring. Diagnostic criteria have been developed, based primarily on Western populations, and several methodologies are available to identify dMMR tumours, including immunohistochemistry and microsatellite testing. These criteria have provided evidence supporting the introduction of reflex testing. Yet, it is becoming increasingly clear that tests have a limited sensitivity and specificity and may yet be superseded by next generation sequencing. In this review, the limitations of diagnostic criteria are discussed, and current and emerging screening technologies explained. There is now useful evidence supporting the prognostic and predictive value of dMMR status in colorectal tumours, but much less is known about their value in extracolonic tumours, that may also feature in Lynch syndrome. This review assesses current literature relating to dMMR in endometrial, ovarian, gastric and melanoma cancers, which it would seem, may benefit from large-scale clinical trials in order to further close the gap in knowledge between colorectal and extracolonic tumours

Chemotherapy of advanced small-bowel adenocarcinoma: a multicenter AGEO study

Les adénocarcinomes de l’intestin grêle (AIG) sont des tumeurs rares et de mauvais pronostic à un stade avancé. Les données publiées concernant l’efficacité de la chimiothérapie palliative sont peu nombreuses. Le but de notre étude était d’évaluer l’efficacité et la tolérance de différents protocoles « modernes » de chimiothérapie et de comparer l’efficacité des chimiothérapies à base de sels de platine dans le traitement de première ligne des AIG avancés. Cette étude rétrospective multicentrique a inclus 93 patients (sexe masculin : 53 % ; âge médian : 56 ans ; site primitif duodénal : 53 %) avec un AIG avancé (métastatique : 86 %) traités par LV5FU2 (n = 10), FOLFOX (n = 48), FOLFIRI (n = 19) ou LV5FU2- cisplatine (n = 16). Le taux de toxicité grade 3-4 était significativement plus fréquent dans le groupe de patients traités par LV5FU2-cisplatine (75 %) comparativement aux autres groupes de patients (p = 0,001). Les médianes de survie sans progression (SSP) étaient de 7,7 ; 6,9 ; 6,0 et 4,8 mois (p = 0,16) et les médianes de survie globale (SG) étaient de 13,5 ; 17,8 ; 10,6 et 9,3 mois (p = 0,25) pour les quatre groupes de patients traités par LV5FU2, FOLFOX, FOLFIRI et LV5FU2-cisplatine, respectivement. En analyse multivariée, l’indice de performance OMS à 2 (p < 0,0001) ainsi que des taux élevés d’ACE (p = 0,02) et de CA 19-9 (p = 0,03) avant traitement étaient les seuls facteurs indépendants significativement associés à un mauvais pronostic. Dans le sous-groupe de patients traités par sels de platine, ceux qui ont reçu une chimiothérapie par FOLFOX avaient de meilleures SSP et SG que les patients traités par LV5FU2-cisplatine. En analyse multivariée, le traitement par FOLFOX était un facteur significatif et indépendant de survie prolongée en termes de SSP (p < 0,0001) et SG (p = 0,02). Ainsi, cette étude, la plus grande rapportée à ce jour, suggère d’une part que l’indice de performance OMS et les taux d’ACE et CA 19-9 avant traitement sont des facteurs pronostiques indépendants de survie et, d’autre part que la chimiothérapie par FOLFOX est le traitement de choix en première ligne des AIG avancés