Cohomology Operations On Random Spaces

Topology has recently received more attention from statisticians as some its tools have been applied to understanding the shape of data. In particular, a data set can generate a topological space, and this space’s topological structure can give us insight into some properties of the data. This framework has made it necessary to study random spaces generated by data. For example, without an understanding of the probabilistic properties of random spaces, one cannot conclude with any degree of confidence what the tools of topology tell us about a data set. While some results are known about the cohomological structure of a random space, not much is known about how cohomology operations behave on random spaces. This dissertation proves some results about the asymptotic properties of cohomology operations on random spaces and discusses the idea of a random Bockstein operation in a related purely algebraic context

Water-induced modifications of GaP(100) and InP(100) surfaces studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy

In this work, we investigate the initial interaction of water and oxygen with different surface reconstructions of GaP(100) applying photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy. Surfaces were prepared by metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy, transferred to ultra-high vacuum, and exposed to oxygen or water vapour at room temperature. The (2 4) reconstructed, Ga-rich surface is more sensitive and reactive to adsorption, bearing a less ordered surface reconstruction upon exposure and indicating a mixture of dissociative and molecular water adsorption. The p(2 2)=c(4 2) P-rich surface, on the other hand, is less reactive, but shows a new surface symmetry after water adsorption. Correlating findings of photoelectron spectroscopy with reflection anisotropy spectroscopy could pave the way towards optical in-situ monitoring of electrochemical surface modifications with reflection anisotropy spectroscopy

Coupled reactive transport modeling - the program transport

The contribution presents the program Transport, which serves to simulation of column transport experiments. Its main function is not to predict results of experiments but to compare influence of individual physical and chemical processes to the experiment results. The one-dimensional advection-diffusion model is based on Finite Volume Method; it includes the triple porosity concept, sorption, retardation, and chemical reactions simulated using connected program React from The Geochemist‘s Workbench package or PhreeqC. Due to these geochemical programs, the user has extensive possibilities of chemistry simulation during transport. The program Transport simulates not only the processes inside the column but also preparation of entering solutions and measurement methods of outgoing solution parameters. Important part of the contribution would be demonstration of results of simulation of real transport column experiments recently realized at the Technical University of Liberec

Reflexões e propostas para a formação de um educador em saúde

Health Education (HE) is a well studied aspect of health promotion and disease prevention and medical formation and practice are key factors to its consolidation. The objective of this work was to investigate medical formation and HE practices performed by doctors in Primary Care System (PCS) context. The study was descriptive and interpretative, with a quanti-qualitative approach, based on the interviews of 6 doctors who work in the Brazilian Family-Centered Health Strategy and their 2 coordinators, focusing in their perception about formation in HE and educative practices performed. Regarding Formation, curriculum changes showed differences among the participants’ speech, as well did Family and Community residency and other specific specializations for PCS practitioners. Regarding Practice, all participants reported HE practices, in both individual and collective levels. HE was a multidisciplinary practice present in all heath units (HU) researched. HE effectiveness was influenced by professionals’ formation and profile, public department management, professional valorization, intersectionality, co-responsibility and culture. The results of groups’ observation were triangulated with the interviews and professionals’ data. Regarding the observed practices, all professionals used the lecture as method, with vertical transmission of information from doctor to patient, aiming individual changes in health behavior. Professionals with specific formation for PCS practice showed no innovative experiences, and neither the youngest did. Long-last acting in the same HU also showed no difference among HE practices. Moreover, the way of selection of the practice-guiding issues were not based in a local community diagnosis. We concluded that HE was present in professionals’ speech and practices in different ways. While formation reflected important transformations that took place in graduation and postgraduation, practice demonstrated the constancy of inappropriate and updated performances. Multidisciplinary was a positive aspect found. Professionals’ speech demonstrated the complexity of HE effectiveness if it is taken in its entirety. This study pointed out the need of strategies to translate research into practice in PCS, implementing scientific recommendations to heath care, considering that HE effectiveness is related to multiple interventions in multiples levels.A Educação em Saúde (ES) é um aspecto de promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças já bem estudado e a formação e atuação do médico são elementos de fundamental importância para sua consolidação. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a investigação da formação e das práticas de ES realizadas por médicos no contexto da Atenção Primária em Saúde. O estudo qualitativo, de caráter exploratório-descritivo e interpretativo, complementado com elementos quantitativos, baseou-se na entrevista de 6 médicos que atuam na Estratégia de Saúde da Família e seus 2 respectivos coordenadores, com enfoque na percepção a respeito da formação em ES e práticas educativas realizadas. Investigou-se também a percepção dos entrevistados sobre a efetividade da ES. Além disso, realizou-se a observação dos profissionais durante ações educativas do tipo grupo e sala de espera. As entrevistas foram analisadas através da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Identificaram-se três categorias: Formação em ES, com as subcategorias Graduação, Pós-Graduação e Educação Permanente ou Continuada; categoria Atuação em ES, com as subcategorias Nível de Atuação, Multidisciplinaridade e Seleção Temática; e a categoria Fatores que Influenciam a Efetividade da ES, com as subcategorias Profissional de Saúde, Gestão e Usuário. Na primeira, relatos sobre as mudanças curriculares demonstraram diferença nos discursos dos entrevistados, bem como a residência em MFC e as especializações específicas para atuação em APS. Na segunda, quanto à Atuação, todos referiram realizar práticas de ES, tanto no nível individual quanto coletivo; e em todas as unidades de saúde (US) pesquisadas, a ES ocorre como uma prática de caráter multidisciplinar. Na terceira, a efetividade da ES mostrou-se influenciada pela formação e perfil do profissional, a administração do setor público, a valorização profissional, a intersetorialidade, a coresponsabilização e a cultura. Os resultados da observação dos grupos foram triangulados com os das entrevistas e com os dados dos profissionais: nas práticas educativas observadas, todos os profissionais utilizaram a metodologia da palestra, com a transmissão vertical das informações do médico para os usuários, objetivando a mudança individual do comportamento em saúde. Os profissionais com formação específica para atuação em APS não mostraram experiências inovadoras, nem tampouco os com formação mais recente. O tempo de atuação na mesma US também não evidenciou diferença em relação à prática de ES. Além disso, o modo de seleção dos temas para as ações em ES não se seguiu à execução de um diagnóstico em saúde da comunidade local. Concluiu-se que a ES esteve presente no discurso e na prática dos profissionais de formas diferentes: enquanto a formação refletiu transformações importantes ocorridas na graduação e na pós-graduação, a atuação demonstrou a permanência de práticas homogeneamente inadequadas e ultrapassadas. A multidisciplinaridade presente nas práticas educativas foi um aspecto positivo encontrado. Se considerado no seu conjunto, o discurso dos profissionais demonstrou a complexidade que envolve a efetividade da ES. Apontamentos do estudo direcionam para a necessidade da formulação de estratégias para se reduzir a distância entre pesquisa e prática na APS, com efetivação das recomendações científicas para o cuidado em saúde, uma vez que a efetividade da ES está atrelada à realização de intervenções múltiplas em diferentes níveis de ação

Substrate Photoswitching for Rate Enhancement of an Organocatalytic Cyclization Reaction

In this article, we report that applying in situ LED-NMR irradiation with appropriate wavelength resulted in the photoswitching of an α,β-unsaturated hydrazone C=N double bond configuration. This reaction was previously reported to be the first step in a chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed cyclization reaction, where the minor but stable Z -isomer is the reactive intermediate. By enhancing the rate of the isomerization, we could show that the overall rate of the cyclization could be increased and followed directly by NMR kinetics. Exclusively light with a specific wavelength matching the isomerization process affected the cyclization. The light- and acid-mediated isomerization provide complementary pathways that can be exploited in synthetic applications to increase reaction rates of asymmetric transformations, especially in reactions requiring high loadings of elaborate chiral catalysts