Phasor Estimation for Grid Power Monitoring: Least Square vs. Linear Kalman Filter

International audienc

On Phasor Estimation for Voltage Sags Detection in a Smart Grid Context

International audienceThe advent of smart grids have urged a radical reappraisal of distribution networks and power quality requirements, and effective use of the network are indexed as the most important keys for smart grid expansion and deployment regardless. One of the most efficient ways of effective use of these grids would be to continuously monitor their conditions. This allows for early detection of power quality degeneration facilitating therefore a proactive response, prevent a fault ride-through the renewable power sources, minimizing downtime, and maximizing productivity. In this smart grid context, this paper proposes the evaluation of signal processing tools, namely the Hilbert transform and the linear Kalman filter to estimate voltage phasor for voltage sags detection

Production of a diluted solid tracer by dry co-grinding in a tumbling ball mill

This paper presents a study on the production by co-grinding of a diluted solid tracer, sized less than 10 mm and containing less than 2 wt. % of active product, used in the field of grounds contamination and decontamination. Co-grinding was performed in a tumbling ball mill and permits to produce easily a diluted tracer without implementing several apparatus. The two products were ground separately first and then together. The follow-up of the particles size and morphology, as well as the modelling of the grinding kinetics have permitted to propose a mechanism by which the diluted solid tracer is produced. The influence of the operating conditions (nature and initial size of the diluting medium, ball and powder filling rates, proportion of the polluting tracer) on products grinding was studied. Thus, we have defined optimum co-grinding conditions permitting to produce a tracer offering the required properties. These ones are classical for tumbling ball mills. This kind of mill is very interesting since its sizes can easily be extrapolated to answer to an industrial demand

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMILIHAN PERUMAHAN DAN TIPE RUMAH DI PERUMAHAN BUKIT EMERALD

Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk Kota Semarang berdampak juga pada meningkatnya kebutuhan akan rumah hunian di Kota Semarang. Lahan di pusat kota yang sudah langka dan mahal tidak memungkinkan lagi untuk dikembangkan menjadi lokasi perumahan, oleh karena itu pengembangan perumahan di Kota Semarang mengarah ke daerah pinggiran Kota Semarang, terutama Wilayah Semarang Atas. Hal tersebut berdasarkan pertimbangan bahwa lahan di wilayah Semarang Atas harganya relatif lebih murah daripada lahan di pusat kota dan bebas dari rob. Salah satu perumahan yang dikembangkan di wilayah pinggiran Kota Semarang adalah Perumahan Bukit Emerald. Justifikasi pemilihan perumahan ini sebagai lokasi penelitian adalah karena perumahan ini terdapat salah satu lokasinya berbatasan dengan tebing terjal tanpa pembatas yang berpotensi longsor, tetapi dapat terjual dengan waktu yang cukup singkat. Hal tersebutlah yang menjadikan peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian di lokasi perumahan tersebut

Biomass smoke exposure enhances rhinovirus-induced inflammation in primary lung fibroblasts

© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Biomass smoke is one of the majorair pollutants and contributors of household air pollution worldwide. More than 3 billion people use biomass fuels for cooking and heating, while other sources of exposure are from the occurrence of bushfires and occupational conditions. Persistent biomass smoke exposure has been associated with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) as a major environmental risk factor. Children under the age of five years are the most susceptible in developing severe ALRI, which accounts for 940,000 deaths globally. Around 90% of cases are attributed to viral infections, such as influenza, adenovirus, and rhinovirus. Although several epidemiological studies have generated substantial evidence of the association of biomass smoke and respiratory infections, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Using an in vitro model, primary human lung fibroblasts were stimulated with biomass smoke extract (BME), specifically investigating hardwood and softwood types, and human rhinovirus-16 for 24 h. Production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and IL-8, were measured via ELISA. Firstly, we found that hardwood and softwood smoke extract (1%) up-regulate IL-6 and IL-8 release (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, human rhinovirus-16 further increased biomass smoke-induced IL-8 in fibroblasts, in comparison to the two stimulatory agents alone. We also investigated the effect of biomass smoke on viral susceptibility by measuring viral load, and found no significant changes between BME exposed and non-exposed infected fibroblasts. Activated signaling pathways for IL-6 and IL-8 production by BME stimulation were examined using signaling pathway inhibitors. p38 MAPK inhibitor SB239063 significantly attenuated IL-6 and IL-8 release the most (p ≤ 0.05). This study demonstrated that biomass smoke can modulate rhinovirus-induced inflammation during infection, which can alter the severity of the disease. The mechanism by which biomass smoke exposure increases inflammation in the lungs can be targeted and inhibited via p38 MAP kinase pathway