Comparative study about Crimes against the Person's

In this article I want talk about crimes against person's crimes witch cause objection of people's body and punishment by government in all societies. Now I trying to have a comparative research of most important crimes in this category in some countries and especially in Islamic criminal law based on Iran Islamic criminal law. Crimes describe in this article are: assault _ battery _ robbery _ kidnapping _ rape _ mayhem _ manslaughter – murder I must say must describe about Islamic criminal law will statement in separate articles.

Crimes against property & ownership

The most primeval crimes in all countries are crimes against property such as: Burglary, Larceny, Arson, Embezzlement, False pretenses, Extortion, forgery, fraud, robbery, and etc these crimes engender when ownership existed. Lord can do any possession in his/her property .If anyone trespasses to another one ownership prevailing law punishment him/her. Also we define these crimes in Islamic criminal law; because Islamic rules are strange and prober must study very hard to understand the principle of Islamic rules because most of them don't have reasonable source hence our definitions are so epitome because reader must study jurisprudence.

Kerukunan Hidup Umat Beragama dalam Perspektif Islam

Got tolerance in Islam should be practiced and developed by the Muslims themselves. We are as Muslim s very fortunate with the differences in the understanding of Islam. That difference has been the will of God because God created man different level of intelligence. The results that we have adopted any of ijt ihad in Islam does not contradict the Qur\u27an and hadith will not bring out of Islam. Religious harmony does not want to unite all religions, or not to generalize all religions, or want to create a new religion combine d from all religions. But we want to try is to attempt to build bridges with the harmonious relationship among religions

Effect of Momordica charantia fruit extract on vascular complication in type 1 diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is one of the risk factors in the development of vascular complications. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and increased lipid peroxidation in diabetes mellitus are the dominant exaggerating factors. Mormodica charantia (MC) was proven to be useful in improving diabetes mellitus and its complications. In the present study, a total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Diabetes was induced by a single dose (50 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ), intramuscularly. Following 4 weeks of STZ induction, the animals were equally divided into five groups (n = 8); Control group (Ctrl), control group treated with MC (Ctrl-MC), diabetic untreated group (DM-Ctrl), diabetic group treated with MC (DM-MC) and diabetic group treated with metformin 150 g/kg (DM-Met). Oral administration of the MC fruit extract (1.5 g/kg) was continued for 28 days. DM-MC group showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to the DM-Ctrl group. Aortic tissue NO level was significantly increased and malondialdehyde level was decreased in the DM-MC group. Immunohistochemical staining showed an increase in eNOS expression in the endothelial lining of the DM-MC group. Similarly, morphological deterioration of the aortic tissues was reverted to normal. In summary, treatment with the MC fruit extract exerted the significant vasculoprotective effect in the type 1 diabetic rat model

Performances of low frequency rubber tapping system with rainguard in high rainfall area in Myanmar

In Myanmar, natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) is mainly grown in the southern part of the country, where the rainfall is too high leading to suspension of tapping in the rainy season and intensive tapping after the rainy season. Rubber farmers face problems of uneven distribution of tapping days, low tapper productivity, high tapping cost, and shorter economical lifespan of the trees. Hence, a study was carried out to address the problems by conducting an on-farm experiment to assess performances of low frequency rubber tapping system (LFRTS) with rainguard in the area. Five treatments: (T1) S/2 d2 (no tapping in the rainy season); (T2) S/2 2d3 (no tapping in the rainy season); (T3) S/2 (RG) d2 (tapping with rainguard in the rainy season); (T4) S/2 d3 ET2.5% Pa (1) 3/y (m) (tapping without rainguard in the rainy season); (T5) S/2 (RG) d3 ET2.5% Pa (1) 3/y (m) (tapping with rainguard in the rainy season) were evaluated. The cumulative yield in kilogram per tree of T5 during the study period was comparable to that of T1, while its daily yield in gram per tapping per tree was 23% and 30% higher than that of T1 and T2, respectively. Bark consumption of T5 was 16% and 39% lower than that of T1 and T2, respectively. T5 needed only 67% of tapper requirement by d2 frequency tapping. Tapping costs of T5 were 17% lower than those of conventional tapping system, T1. The study suggested that LFRTS with rainguard could be implemented to address the problems of the farmers in the area. (Résumé d'auteur

Connecting species’ geographical distributions to environmental variables: range maps versus observed points of occurrence

Connecting the geographical occurrence of a species with underlying environmental variables is fundamental for many analyses of life history evolution and for modeling species distributions for both basic and practical ends. However, raw distributional information comes principally in two forms: points of occurrence (specific geographical coordinates where a species has been observed), and expert-prepared range maps. Each form has potential short-comings: range maps tend to overestimate the true occurrence of a species, whereas occurrence points (because of their frequent non-random spatial distribution) tend to underestimate it. Whereas previous comparisons of the two forms have focused on how they may differ when estimating species richness, less attention has been paid to the extent to which the two forms actually differ in their representation of a species’ environmental associations. We assess such differences using the globally distributed avian order Galliformes (294 species). For each species we overlaid range maps obtained from IUCN and point-of-occurrence data obtained from GBIF on global maps of four climate variables and elevation. Over all species, the median difference in distribution centroids was 234 km, and median values of all five environmental variables were highly correlated, although there were a few species outliers for each variable. We also acquired species’ elevational distribution mid-points (mid-point between minimum and maximum elevational extent) from the literature; median elevations from point occurrences and ranges were consistently lower (median −420 m) than mid-points. We concluded that in most cases occurrence points were likely to produce better estimates of underlying environmental variables than range maps, although differences were often slight. We also concluded that elevational range mid-points were biased high, and that elevation distributions based on either points or range maps provided better estimates

Dietary lipid level affects growth performance and nutrient utilisation of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles

Over the last few years, several aspects of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) culture have been developed and optimised but the dietary lipid level for optimal growth has never been determined. Hence, five isonitrogenous diets (56 % dietary protein) with increasing dietary lipid levels (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 % DM) were fed to satiation to triplicate groups of twenty fish (mean initial weight 10 g). Fifteen tanks were randomly assigned one of the five diets. Feed was distributed using automatic feeders, and fish were fed over a 16-week period. At the end of the experiment the fish fed on diets containing the two lowest dietary lipid levels (4 and 8 %) showed a 3-fold body-weight increase with a significantly higher daily growth index than fish fed higher lipid levels (1-2 v. 0-8). Moreover, these fish displayed a significantly lower dry feed intake (12g/kg per d) and feed conversion ratio (1-0) compared with fish fed higher lipids levels (16-19 g/kg per d; feed conversion ratio 2-0). Low dietary lipid levels (< 12 %) significantly improved nutrient retention and gain and hence growth, without major effects on whole-body composition. Despite the slight alteration in n-3 PUFA muscle content in the fish fed low-fat-diets, this fish fed low dietary lipid still remains a rich n-3 PUFA product and generally maintained its nutritional value. These results evidenced a low lipid tolerance of Senegalese sole juveniles and suggest a maximal dietary inclusion level of 8 % lipids for both optimal growth and nutrient utilisation without compromising flesh quality.IDEIA; European fund FEDERinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio