Enquêtes de victimation et statistiques de police : les difficultés d’une comparaison

En utilisant une série d’enquêtes nationales de victimation et de statistiques policières françaises pour la période 1985-2002, les auteurs analysent les obstacles à surmonter et les difficultés à résoudre pour comparer ces deux sources, d’abord en ce qui concerne plusieurs sortes d’atteintes aux biens, ensuite différentes catégories de violences

Expulsive choroidal haemorrhage: an experimental study.

The closure of 2 or more vortex veins in rabbits' eyes results in a persistent rise in intraocular pressure. In these circumstances a small opening into the anterior chamber at the corneoscleral limbus resulted in an iris prolapse, while a larger limbal wound was immediately followed by a massive choroidal expulsive haemorrhage. It appears from this experimental study that a definite and persistent rise in intraocular pressure could be a sign of impaired venous outflow and that the occurrence of an iris prolapse after small limbal opening into the anterior chamber should prompt us to examine the fundus of the eye and look for a choroidal complication. It is possible that the present set of experiments is relevant to the mechanism of expulsive haemorrhage in man

Tumor suppressor p53 binds with high affinity to CTG-CAG trinucleotide repeats and induces topological alterations in mismatched duplexes

DNA binding is central to the ability of p53 to function as a tumor suppressor. In line with the remarkable functional versatility of p53, which can act on DNA as a transcription, repair, recombination, replication, and chromatin accessibility factor, the modes of p53 interaction with DNA are also versatile. One feature common to all modes of p53-DNA interaction is the extraordinary sensitivity of p53 to the topology of its target DNA. Whereas the strong impact of DNA topology has been demonstrated for p53 binding to sequence-specific sites or to DNA lesions, the possibility that DNA structure-dependent recognition may underlie p53 interaction with other types of DNA has not been addressed until now. We demonstrate for the first time that conformationally flexible CTG·CAG trinucleotide repeats comprise a novel class of p53-binding sites targeted by p53 in a DNA structure-dependent mode in vitro and in vivo. Our major finding is that p53 binds to CTG·CAG tracts by different modes depending on the conformation of DNA. Although p53 binds preferentially to hairpins formed by either CTG or CAG strands, it can also bind to linear forms of CTG·CAG tracts such as canonic B DNA or mismatched duplex. Intriguingly, by binding to a mismatched duplex p53 can induce further topological alterations in DNA, indicating that p53 may act as a DNA topology-modulating factor

Time Perception and Retirement Saving: Lessons from Behavioral Decision Research

This chapter provides a behavioral decision perspective on the implications of intertemporal choice research for retirement savings. In particular, we focus on two cognitive mechanisms explaining how and why future monetary outcomes are discounted: (1) changes in the perception of delayed outcomes due to changes in mental representations and perceived slack, and (2) changes in the perception of temporal distance to delayed outcomes. Relevant recent findings are reviewed and the implications for retirement savings are discussed

The Illusion of Multitasking and Its Positive Effect on Performance

Multitasking is pervasive. With technological advancements, the desire, ability, and often necessity to engage in multiple activities concurrently are paramount. Although multitasking refers to the simultaneous execution of multiple tasks, most activities that require active attention cannot actually be done simultaneously. Therefore, whether a certain activity is considered multitasking is often a matter of subjective perception. The current paper demonstrates the malleability of what people perceive as multitasking, showing that the same activity may or may not be construed as multitasking. Importantly, although engaging in multiple tasks may diminish performance, we find that, holding the activity constant, the mere perception of multitasking actually improves performance. Across 23 incentive-compatible studies, totaling 6,768 participants, we find that those who perceived an activity as multitasking were more engaged, and consequently outperformed those who perceived that same activity as single-tasking

The French Gendarmerie : crossing sociological and historical perspectives

The present comments on Clive Emsley's book are the reflections of a sociologist on the work of a historian concerning their common topic, the Gendarmerie, and more precisely the French Gendarmerie. There is an epistemological problem in this crossing of two perspectives each of which entertains a different relationship with time : should we state straightforwardly that, because a social object has borne the same name from the French Revolution until today, it has not changed ? We have suffic..

It’s Not You, It’s Me: The Joint Impact of Consumer Ethnocentrism & The Country-of-Origin Effect on Purchase Intention

Understanding consumer psychology has become more salient as the world becomes more connected due to globalization. Consumers have a plethora of choices regarding countries from all over the world and are subjugated to psychological phenomena such as Consumer Ethnocentrism and the Country-of-Origin Effect. This study will explore and measure the relationship between country-specific effects and consumer ethnocentrism, as well as, their impact on the likelihood of purchasing goods from the United States (U.S.), Canada, Mexico, Israel, China, and Saudi Arabia. On top of that, this study will explore how consumer demographics can influence the strength of effects. This study will first measure U.S. consumer attitudes and perceptions by conducting an original survey. Then by using the survey data, regressions are run using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to predict a consumer&rsquo;s purchase intent and explore relationships between consumer ethnocentrism, country-specific quality perceptions, general attitudes, and consumer demographics. In the end, the study found that consumer ethnocentrism, country-specific effects, and consumer political affiliation all influence each other and have varying degrees of consideration in the decision-making process depending on the country. Overall, this study contributes to research concerning Consumer Ethnocentrism, the Country-of-Origin Effect, and the overall impacts of the globalized world. Creating a better understanding of psychological effects that affect the present-day consumer will help international marketers better target their consumers and will allow scholars of International Affairs to better comprehend how international relations and trade is shaped by consumer perceptions.</p

Os crimes contra a propriedade: Uma síntese dos trabalhos europeus

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma síntese de várias pesquisas europeias, nacionais e comparativas, a respeito dos crimes contra a propriedade -- ou crimes contra o patrimônio, como são conhecidos no Brasil. Com a ajuda de exemplos retirados dos paí ses estudados -- em um painel que, além da França, contém Finlândia, Suécia, Polônia, Rússia, Alemanha, Eslovênia e Reino Unido, além de um olhar visitante americano -- traça-se um panorama da maneira pela qual se pode compreender o lugar desse tipo de crime na economia delinquente das sociedades contemporâneas. The aim of this article is to present a summary of several European, Brazilian and comparative studies about crime against property. With the aid of examples taken from the studied countries -- in a panel that, besides France, includes Finland, Sweden, Poland, Russia, Germany, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom, and an American visitor\u27s view -- we draft an overview for the way we can understand the role of that kind of crime in the delinquent economy of contemporary societies

Consumer behaviour and the life-course: shopper reactions to self service grocery shops and supermarkets in England c.1947-1975

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from SAGE Publications via the DOI in this recordThe paper examines the development of self-service grocery shopping from a consumer perspective. Using qualitative data constructed through a nationwide biographical survey and oral histories, it is possible to go beyond contemporary market surveys which give insufficient attention to shopping as a socially and culturally embedded practice. The paper uses the conceptual framework of the life-course, to demonstrate how grocery shopping is a complex activity, in which the retail encounter is shaped by the specific interconnection of different retail formats with consumer characteristics and situational influences. Consumer reactions to retail modernization must be understood in relation to the development of consumer practices at points of transition and stability within the life-course. These practices are accessed by examining retrospective consumer narratives about food shopping