Anion Exchange Resins as Effective Sorbents for Removal of Acid, Reactive, and Direct Dyes from Textile Wastewaters

Coloured wastewaters are a consequence of batch processes in both dye-manufacturing and dye-consuming industries. Dyes are widely used in a number of industries, such as textile and leather dyeing, food, cosmetics, paper printing, gasoline, with the textile industry as the largest consumer. Dyeing as a fundamental operation during textile fibre processing causes the production of more or less coloured wastewaters, depending on the degree of fixation of dyes on substrates, which varies with the nature of substances, desired intensity of coloration, and application method. Dye bearing effluents are considered to be a very complex and inconsistent mixture of many pollutants ranging from dyes, dressing substances, alkalis, oils, detergents, salts of organic and inorganic acids to heavy metals.Thus after dyeing wastewaters are characterized not only by intensive and difficult for removal colour but also by high pH, suspended and dissolved solids, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands. Ion exchange is a very versatile and effective tool for treatment of aqueous hazardous wastes including dyes. The role of ion exchange in dye effluents treatment is to reduce the magnitude of hazardous load by converting them into a form in which they can be reused, leaving behind less toxic substances in their places or to facilitate ultimate disposal by reducing the hydraulic flow of the stream bearing toxic substances. Another significant feature of the ion exchange process is that it has the ability to separate as well as to concentrate pollutants. Taking into account high capacity and selectivity of ion exchange resins for different dyes, they seem to be proper materials for dyes sorption from textile effluents. The aim of the paper is to study the removal of the acid, reactive and direct textile dyes such as C.I. Acid Orange 7, C.I. Reactive Black 5 and C.I. Direct Blue 71 on the commercially available anion exchangers (Lewatit MonoPlus MP 62, Lewatit MonoPlus MP 64, Lewatit MonoPlus MP 500, Lewatit MonoPlus M 500, Amberlite IRA 67, Amberlite IRA 478RF, Amberlite IRA 458 and Amberlite IRA 958) differing not only in basicity of the functional groups but also in composition and structure of the matrix. Comparison of the sorption parameters obtained by the batch method taking into account influence of phase contact time, dyes initial concentration and solution pH were discussed in detail. Desorption conditions depending on the dyes sorption mechanism were also presented. Influence of the auxiliaries typically present in textile effluents such as inorganic electrolytes and different surfactants on the amounts of dyes retained by the anion exchangers was presented. The adsorption behaviour of the polyacrylic Amberlite IRA 958 demonstrates that it can be a promising adsorbent for the textile wastewater treatment. The results obtained with raw textile wastewaters purification confirmed this statement

Removal of vanadium(V) by adsorption onto ion exchangers from aqueous solutions

Vanadium is considered a strategic metal, and its limited resources and high consumption make its production and recovery of significant importance. The Dowex PSR2's and Dowex PSR3's applicability for vanadium removal from aqueous solutions was examined. The adsorption process optimization was performed for the adsorbent dose (0.01 - 0.1 g) and pH (2 - 10) effects. It was found that the optimum adsorbent dose is equal to 0.1 g and optimum pH = 6. V(V) can be removed with high efficiency (the amount of vanadium adsorbed at time t, qₜ = 9.75 mg/ g; percen-tage removal of vanadium, %R = 97.6% - gel Dowex resin or qₜ = 9.86 mg/ g; %R = 98.6% macroporous Dowex resin).This work was supported by the National Science Centre Poland under research project no. 2018/29/B/ST8/01122.Anna Wołowicz: [email protected] Wołowicz - Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, PolandZbigniew Hubicki - Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, PolandBaranova V.N., Fortunatov AY. (2012) Vanadium: Chemical Properties, Uses and Environmental Effects. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge.Baes, CF., Mesmer, R.E. (1976). The Hydrolysis of Cations. Wiley, New York.Barceloux D.G., Barceloux D. (1999) Vanadium. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 37(2): 265-278.Bartecki, A (1996). Chemia pierwiastków przejsciowych, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrodawskiej, Wrocław (in Polish).Habashi F. (2002) Two hundred years of vanadium. In: Tanner M.F., Riveros P.A, Dutrizac J.E., Gattrell M., Perron L. (Eds.). Vanadium, Geology, Processing and Applications, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Vanadium, Conference of Metallurgists, Montréal, Canada, pp. 3-15.He, Q., Si, S., Zhao, J., Yan, H., Sun, B., Cai, Q., Yu, Y. (2018) Removal of vanadium from vanadium-containing wastewater by amino modified municipal sludge derived ceramic, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(8): 1664-1669.Imtiaz M., Rizwan M. S., Xiong S., Li H., Ashraf M., Shahzad S. M., Rizwan M., Tu S. (2015) Vanadium, recent advancements and research prospects: A review. Environment International, 80, 79-88.Jana, S., Ray, J., Jana, D., Mondal, B., Bhanja, S. K., Tripathy, T. (2019) Removal of vanadium (IV) from water solution by sulfated Katira gum-el-poly (acrylic acid) hydrogel. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 566: 70-83.Manohar D. M., Noeline B. E, Anirudhan T. S. (2005) Removal of Vanadium(IV) from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Process with Aluminum-Pillared Bentonite Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research 44: 6676-6684.Mojiri A. (2017) Vanadium(V) removal from aqueous solutions using a new composite adsorbent (BAZLSC): Optimization by response surface methodology, Advances in Environmental Research, 6(3):173-187.Moskalyka R.R., Alfantaz AM. (2003) Processing of vanadium: a review. Minerals Engineering 16: 793-805.Nazarov Yu. P., Vedyakov I. I., Odesskii P. D. (2007) Application of Vanadium Steel in the Construction Industry. Steel in Translation, 37(5): 467-471.Peacock, C.L., Sherman, D.M. (2004). Vanadium (V) adsorption onto goethite at pH 1 .5 to 12: a surface complexation model based on ab initio molecular geometries and EXAFS spectroscopy. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 68: 1723-1733.Prathap, K. Namasivayam, C. (2010) Adsorption of vanadate(V) on Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide waste, Environmental Chemistry Letters, 8: 363-371.Takaya M., Sawatri, K. (1994). Speciation of Vanadium(IV) and Vanadium(V) Using Ion-exchange Chromatography and ICP-AES. Industial Health, 32(3): 165-178.Wolowicz, A., Hubicki, Z. (2020) Enhanced removal of copper(II) from acidic streams using functional resins: batch and column studies. Journal of Materials Science 55(28): 13687-13715.657

Chlorates(VII) removal on Dowex™PSR-2 resin

Lately there has been observed the increased presence of chlorates(VII) in the natural environment which can affect human health negatively. Therefore the removal of chlorate(VII) ions using the gel type resin functionalized with the tri-n-butyl ammonium (Dowex™PSR-2) from waters was studied. The main aim was to evaluate the effects of experimental conditions including contact time, initial solution concentration, pH and temperature on chlorate(VII) ions removal as well as the anion exchanger properties on chlorate(VII) ions sorption. It was found that only the pseudo second order model described the experimental data well and the intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-limiting step. According to the Freundlich model, the qe value was to be 69.26 mg/g at optimum conditions (pH 7.0 at 25 oC)

Hydrogels from Fundaments to Application

Polymer superabsorbents commonly known as hydrogels are cross-linked highly molecular compounds able to absorb water from physicochemical fluids in the amounts from 10-fold to 100-fold larger than their dry mass. Numerous investigations have shown that they can help reduce irrigation water consumption, lower the death rate of plants, improve fertilizer retention in soil and increase plant growth rate. Besides water absorption and retention, the superabsorbent polymers have many advantages over conventional ones, such as a sustained supply of nutrition to plants for a longer time, thus increasing the phosphate fertilizer use efficiency and decreasing application frequency. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of chemical conditions on hydrogels, kinetic and absorption behaviour towards metal ions in the presence of the chelating agent of a new generation. In this group, there are IDS, EDDS, GLDA, MGDA, etc. In the chapter, the research on the applicability of the effective absorption of metal complexes with a biodegradable complexing agent will be presented. The possibility of the preparation of slow-release fertilizers of controlled activity of a new generation in such system will also be discussed

Application of low-cost alginate-based biosorbents for effective recovery of rare earth elements

Rare earth elements are used in many high-tech applications but their rarity and availability require the development of methods for their recovery from low-quality sources and recycling from waste materials. Sorption processes, including biosorbents, are an interesting method for their recovery from dilute solutions. This work investigates the sorption of lanthanum(III) ions using cheap, renewable biosorbents: calcium alginate and biochar (considered as reference materials) and an alginatebased biosorbent named alginate-biochar composite (ALG-BC). Sorption properties of these materials were compared using batch-adsorption techniques, under various sorption conditions. The obtained sorption results show the applicability of the biosorbents for rare earth elements recovery.The research was funded by the National Science Centre in accordance with decision No. 2019/35/N/STS/01390.Dominika Fila: [email protected] Fila - Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin (Poland)Zbigniew Hubicki - Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin (Poland)Dorota Kołodyńska - Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin (Poland)Anastopoulos I., Bhatnagar A., Lima E.C. (2016) Adsorption of rare earth metals: A review of recent literature. Journal of Molecular Liquids 221: 954-962.Galhoum AA, Atia AA, Tolba AA, Mohamady 5.1., Mohammed 5.5., Guibal E. (2017) Sorption of Rare Earth Metal Ions (La(III), Nd(III) and Er(III)) using Cellulose. Current Applied Polymer Science 1 (1): 96-106.Gładysz-Płaska A., Majdan M., Kowalska-Ternes M. (2003) Adsorpcja jonow Nd³⁺ na klinoptylolicie. Przemysł Chemiczny 82(11): 1435-1439.Gupta N. K., Gupta A., Ramteke P., Sahoo A, Sengupta A (2019) Biosorptiona green method for the preconcentration of rare earth elements (REEs) from waste solutions: A review. Journal of Molecular Liquids 274: 148-164.Kołodynska D., Fila D. (2018) Lanthanides and heavy metals sorption on alginates as effective sorption materials. Desalination and Water Treatment 131: 238-251.Maksymowicz A. (2019) Kryzys pierwiastkow ziem rzadkich (REE). Przeglqd Geologiczny 67(7): 498-499.Pankhurst Q. A., Connoly J., Jones S. K., Dobson J. (2003) Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. Journal of Physics 0: Applied Physics 36: 167-181.Wu D., Zhang L., Wang L., Zhu B., Fan L. (2011) Adsorption of lanthanum by magnetic alginate-chitosan gel beads. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 86: 345-352.Xiaoqi S., Huimin L., Mahurin S.M., Rui L., Xisen H., Sheng D. (2016) Adsorption of rare earth ions using carbonized polydopamine nano carbon shells. Journal of Rare Earths 34(1): 77-82.Zhang L., Wu D., Zhu B., Yang Y., Wang L. (2011) Adsorption and Selective Separation of Neodymium with Magnetic Alginate Microcapsules Containing the Extractant 2-Ethylhexyl Phosphonic Acid Mono-2-ethylhexyl Ester. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 56: 2280-2289.596

Ion Exchange Method for Removal and Separation of Noble Metal Ions

Ion exchange has been widely applied in technology of chemical separation of noble metal ions. This is associated with dissemination of methods using various ion exchange resins which are indispensable in many fields of chemical industry. Due to small amounts of noble elements in nature and constant impoverishment of their natural raw materials, of particular importance are physicochemical methods of their recovery from the second sources e.g. worn out converters of exhausted gases, chemical catalysts, dental alloys, anodic sludges from cooper and nickiel electrorefining as well as waste waters and running off waters from refineries containing trace amount of noble metals. It should be stated that these waste materials are usually pyro- and hydrometallurgically processed. Recovery of noble metals, from such raw materials requires individual approach to each material and application of selective methods for their removal. Moreover, separation of noble metals, particularly platinum metals and gold from geological samples, industrial products, synthetic mixtures along with other elements is a problem of significant importance nowadays. In the paper the research on the applicability of different types of ion exchangers for the separation of noble metals will be presented. The effect of the different parameters on their separation will be also discussed. The examples of the removal of noble metals chlorocomplexes will also be presented in detail