Interaction between bacteria and fungi in biofilms

Przeanalizowano interakcje pomiędzy bakteriami endofitycznymi a grzybami pod kątem zachowania się tych mikroorganizmów względem siebie w warunkach in vitro bez dodatku miedzi, oraz na pożywce wzbogaconej miedzią, a także wpływ tych interakcji na witalność aparatu fotosyntetycznego wybranych roślin. Pomimo, że miedź hamuje aktywność szczepów bakterii, nie we wszystkich przypadkach wpływa na ograniczenie wzrostu grzybni na pożywce. Niektóre szczepy bakterii endofitycznych gromadzą się wokół żywych strzępek grzybni w formie charakterystycznych mufek. Zjawiska tego nie zaobserwowano wokół strzępek martwych. W doświadczeniu z użyciem ząbków czosnku wykazano, że szczepy grzybów takich jak Fusarium oxysporum oraz Wickerchamomyces onychis znacznie ograniczały wzrost i rozwój korzeni oraz liści czosnku, jednocześnie poprawiały one funkcjonowanie aparatu fotosyntetycznego tych roślin. Pozostałe mikroorganizmy użyte w doświadczeniu wpływały w sposób negatywny na kondycję aparatów fotosyntetycznych, ale za to pozytywnie na wzrost i rozwój roślin, który w ich obecności był szybszy w porównaniu z kontrolą. Badania makroskopowe potwierdziły rozwój obfitej grzybni Rhizopus stolonifer na owocach pomidora hodowlanego, a wykonane badania mikroskopowe z użyciem barwników fluorescencyjnych ujawniły występowanie bakterii endofitycznych w strzępkach grzybni, powodujących obfitą zgniliznę pomidorów hodowlanych.Interactions between endophytic bacteria and fungi were analyzed in their context of the depending on each other, under the influence of copper and their effect on the vitality of photosynthetic apparatus of plants. Although, copper excess inhibit bacterial activity but it does not necessarily limit the growth of mycelia under in vitro condition. Some strains of endophytic bacteria gathered around the alive hyphae of the fungus in the form of characteristic mantle. These phenomenon was not observed around dead hyphae. In the experiment carried out on garlic, it was shown that strains of fungi, such as Fusarium oxysporum and Wickerchamomyces onychis significantly limited the growth and development of roots and leaves of garlic, while at the same time they were improving the vitality of photosynthetic apparatus. Other microorganisms adversely affected the condition of photosynthetic aparatus, but stimulated the growth and development of plants. Macroscopic observations confirmed the development of abundant mycelium of Rhizopus stolonifer on tomato fruits. The microscopic studies with the use of fluorescent dyes indicated the occurrence of endophytic bacteria within the hyphae, which developed abundant grey rot of the tomato fruits

Cancer stem cells and chemoresistance of tumors

Badania nad komórkami macierzystymi sięgają początku XX wieku. Mimo nieustannej ewolucji tematu komórek macierzystych, zostały wykształcone hipotezy odnośnie do ich pochodzenia i funkcjonowania. Ze względu na pochodzenie wyróżnia się zarodkowe komórki macierzyste (ang. Embrional stem cells – ESC ) oraz komórki macierzyste izolowane z organizmów dorosłych (ang. Adult stem cells - ASC). Ze względu na charakter proliferacji naukowcy wyróżnili komórki totipotencjalne, pluripotencjalne, multipotencjalne, unipotencjalne i oligopotencjalne. Ta zdolność skorelowana jest z aktywnością charakterystycznych czynników transkrypcyjnych m.in: Nanog, Sox i Oct. Niewątpliwie, komórki te odgrywają pozytywną rolę w organizmie dzięki zdolności do klonowania, a więc również do tworzenia wielu genetycznych kopii komórki wyjściowej a także dzięki temu, że dają początek wszystkim trzem listkom zarodkowym. Komórkom macierzystym przypisuje się jednak także rolę w procesach patologicznych. Chodzi tu o odkrycie i badania nad nowotworowymi komórkami macierzystymi (ang. Cancer stem cells). Komórki te są elementem struktur rozwijających się w procesie zwanym karcynogenezą czyli powstawania i rozwoju nowotworów pod różnymi postaciami (raki, glejaki, mięsaki, chłoniaki,). Ten wieloetapowy i zazwyczaj długotrwały proces może być uwarunkowany działaniem różnych czynników, a w jego efekcie powstają guzy nowotworowe, które mogą mieć dwoisty charakter. Wyróżnia się guzy o charakterze łagodnym oraz guzy złośliwe, których komórki są zdolne do tworzenia rozległych przerzutów. Jak pokazano, w obrębie guzów występuje pula komórek określana jako CSC, które podobne są pod wielu względami do prawidłowych komórek macierzystych. Głównym celem aktywności CSC jest odtwarzanie elementów składających się na nowotwór. Obecnie prowadzone badania kliniczne dążą do jak najlepszego poznania mechanizmów aktywności komórek macierzystych, w tym także CSC. W efekcie możliwie będzie opracowanie metod bezpiecznego ich wykorzystania w leczeniu różnych chorób, w których konwencjonalne terapie nie dają zadowalającej poprawy lub, w który wymagane jest przyjmowanie dużych ilości leków, dających wiele skutków ubocznych. Poznanie biologii CSC dałoby także możliwość zastosowanie ich jako celu w terapiach antynowotworowych.Stem cell research dates back to the early twentieth century. Despite the constant evolution of the topic of stem cells, they have been developed hypotheses about their origin and functioning. Due to the origin we can stands out: embryonic stem cells (called. Embrional stem cells - ESC) and the stem cells isolated from adult organisms (called. Adult stem cells - ASC). Due to the nature of the proliferation of cells, scientists stands out cells: totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, and unipotent oligopotent. This ability is correlated with the activity of specific transcription factors e.g Nanog, Sox and Oct. Undoubtedly, these cells have a positive role in the organism due to the ability to clone and thus to the formation of multiple genetic copies of the original cell and also by the fact that give rise to all three embryonic germ layer. However, stem cells also be assigned a role in pathological processes. It is about the discovery and study of cancer stem cells (called. Cancer stem cells). These cells are part of the structures of the developing process called carcinogenessis that is, the formation and development of tumors in various forms (tumors, gliomas, sarcomas, lymphomas). This, usually multi-step and lengthy proces, can be affected by various factors, and its result is tumors that may have a dual character. Stands out benign tumors and malignant tumors whose cells are capable of forming extensive metastasis. As shown, within a bank of tumor cells is referred to as a CSC, which is similar in many respects to the normal stem cells. The main form of activity of CSC regeneration elements of a cancer. Nowadays carried research trials tend to the best knowledge of the mechanisms of stem cell activity, including CSC. The result will be possible to develop methods for safe use in the treatment of various diseases where conventional treatments do not provide satisfactory treatment, or, which is required to take high amounts of drugs, giving many side effects. Understanding the biology CSC would give the opportunity to use them as target in anti-cancer therapies

The neurological disease recovery monitoring by walk disturbances level analysis

This study was based on 27 patients' motor gait disturbances analysis using their pedobarographic records, affected by neurological diseases - hemiparesis or sciatic neuralgia. The evidence comparison concerns the data records collected before and after the rehabilitation processes. The essential conclusions explain a walk characteristics analysis explaining the neurological status of the patient and how to implement the PSW [2, 3] options in clinical practice. This approach can also be used for medical jurisdiction processes as a unique tool for the disease evidence making

Gait characteristic features extraction for neurological diseases diagnostics

This study was based on observations of 117 patients suffering from motor disturbances. Among them 42 cases with hemiparetic syndrome, majority of them after cerebral stroke, 52 cases affected by acute sciatic neuralgia and 23 patients with recognition of Parkinson - disease symptoms. To the control group 16 healthy adults were selected, from medical staff of clinics. All subjects were examined using pedobarographic equipment - Parotec System for Windows (PSW) [1]. Based on these observations several pattern solutions have been introduced. They concern gait disturbances descriptions in three distinguished neurological diseases. These findings extracted a new data from the PSW records and options with new diagnostic techniques, based on the gait characteristics observation

Parkinson disease examination using walk disturbances characteristics

This study is based on clinical observations of patient motor-disturbances, measured by PSW (Parotec System for Windows) pedobarographic recorder [1]. The gait regular asymmetry in a data spectrum has been noticed as an independent factor from disease duration and severity. In majority of analysed cases a gravity centre of the body moves towards a left limb, into a heel region. A trajectory of foot gravity centre elongation, its irregularity, a floor-contact time and impulse values increase is also visible. Predominantly on more affected limb. These diagnosis factors allow concluding that the PSW recorder could successfully be used for recognition and quantification of the motor disturbances, illustrating the Parkinson disease progress

The gait abnormalities review of several neurological diseases

This study was based on observations of 117 patients suffering from motor disturbances. Among them 42 cases with hemiparetic syndrome, mostly after cerebral stroke, 52 cases affected by acute sciatic neuralgia, and 23 patients with recognition of Parkinson - disease symptoms. To the control group 16 healthy adults was selected from our medical staff. All subjects were examined using pedobarographic equipment - Parotec System for Windows (PSW) [1]. Based on these observations several pattern solutions have been introduced. They concern gait disturbances in three distinguished neurological diseases. These findings extracted a new data from the PSW records and options and new diagnostic techniques based on the gait characteristics observation

Baseline Analysis of Patients Presenting for Surgical Review of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Reveals Heterogeneity in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures

AbstractDespite the establishment of successful surgical techniques and rehabilitation protocols for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, published return to sport rates are less than satisfactory. This has led orthopaedic surgeons and researchers to develop more robust patient selection methods, and investigate prognostic patient characteristics. No previous studies have integrated baseline characteristics and responses to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of patients with ACL rupture presenting for surgical review. Patients electing to undergo ACL reconstruction under the care of a single orthopaedic surgeon at a metropolitan public hospital were enrolled in a clinical quality registry. Patients completed Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey (VR-12) Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores, Tegner activity scale, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaires at presentation. Total scores were extracted from the electronic registry, and a machine learning approach (k-means) was used to identify subgroups based on similarity of questionnaire responses. The average scores in each cluster were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA; Kruskal–Wallis) and nominal logistic regression was performed to determine relationships between cluster membership and patient age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and injury-to-examination delay. A sample of 107 patients with primary ACL rupture were extracted, with 97 (91%) available for analysis with complete datasets. Four clusters were identified with distinct patterns of PROMs responses. These ranged from lowest (Cluster 1) to highest scores for VR-12 and IKDC (Cluster 4). In particular, Cluster 4 returned median scores within 6 points of the patient acceptable symptom state for the IKDC score for ACL reconstruction (70.1, interquartile range: 59–78). Significant (p &lt; 0.05) differences in PROMs between clusters were observed using ANOVA, with variance explained ranging from 40 to 69%. However, cluster membership was not significantly associated with patient age, gender, BMI, or injury-to-examination delay. Patients electing to undergo ACL reconstruction do not conform to a homogenous group but represent a spectrum of knee function, general physical and mental health, and preinjury activity levels, which may not lend itself to uniform treatment and rehabilitation protocols. The factors driving these distinct responses to PROMs remain unknown but are unrelated to common demographic variables.</jats:p

Baseline analysis of patients presenting for surgical review of ACL rupture reveals heterogeneity in patient-reported outcome measures

AbstractDespite establishment of successful surgical techniques and rehabilitation protocols for ACL reconstruction, published return to sport rates are less than satisfactory. This has led orthopaedic surgeons and researchers to develop more robust patient selection methods and investigate prognostic patient characteristics. No previous studies have integrated baseline characteristics and responses to PROMs of patients with ACL rupture presenting for surgical review.Patients electing to undergo ACL reconstruction under the care of a single orthopaedic surgeon at a metropolitan public hospital were enrolled in a clinical quality registry. Patients completed VR-12 PCS and MCS scores, Tegner activity scale and IKDC questionnaires at presentation. Total scores were extracted from the electronic registry, and a machine learning approach (k-means) was used to identify subgroups based on similarity of questionnaire responses. The average scores in each cluster were compared using ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis) and nominal logistic regression was performed to determine relationships between cluster membership and patient age, gender, BMI and injury-to-examination delay.A sample of 107 patients with primary ACL rupture were extracted, with 97 (91%) available for analysis with complete datasets. Four clusters were identified with distinct patterns of PROMs responses. These ranged from lowest (Cluster 1) to highest scores for VR-12 and IKDC (Cluster 4). In particular, Cluster 4 returned median scores within 6 points of the PASS for the IKDC score for ACL reconstruction (70.1, IQR 59 - 78). Significant (p&lt;0.05) differences in PROMs between clusters was observed using ANOVA, with variance explained ranging from 40-69%. However, cluster membership was not significantly associated with patient age, gender, BMI or injury-to-examination delay.Patients electing to undergo ACL reconstruction do not conform to a homogenous group but represent a spectrum of knee function, general physical and mental health, and preinjury activity levels, which may not lend itself to uniform treatment and rehabilitation protocols. The factors driving these distinct responses to PROMs remain unknown, but are unrelated to common demographic variables.</jats:p

Baseline Analysis of Patients Presenting for Surgical Review of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Reveals Heterogeneity in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures

Despite the establishment of successful surgical techniques and rehabilitation protocols for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, published return to sport rates are less than satisfactory. This has led orthopaedic surgeons and researchers to develop more robust patient selection methods, and investigate prognostic patient characteristics. No previous studies have integrated baseline characteristics and responses to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of patients with ACL rupture presenting for surgical review. Patients electing to undergo ACL reconstruction under the care of a single orthopaedic surgeon at a metropolitan public hospital were enrolled in a clinical quality registry. Patients completed Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey (VR-12) Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores, Tegner activity scale, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaires at presentation. Total scores were extracted from the electronic registry, and a machine learning approach (k-means) was used to identify subgroups based on similarity of questionnaire responses. The average scores in each cluster were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA; Kruskal-Wallis) and nominal logistic regression was performed to determine relationships between cluster membership and patient age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and injury-to-examination delay. A sample of 107 patients with primary ACL rupture were extracted, with 97 (91%) available for analysis with complete datasets. Four clusters were identified with distinct patterns of PROMs responses. These ranged from lowest (Cluster 1) to highest scores for VR-12 and IKDC (Cluster 4). In particular, Cluster 4 returned median scores within 6 points of the patient acceptable symptom state for the IKDC score for ACL reconstruction (70.1, interquartile range: 59-78). Significant (p < 0.05) differences in PROMs between clusters were observed using ANOVA, with variance explained ranging from 40 to 69%. However, cluster membership was not significantly associated with patient age, gender, BMI, or injury-to-examination delay. Patients electing to undergo ACL reconstruction do not conform to a homogenous group but represent a spectrum of knee function, general physical and mental health, and preinjury activity levels, which may not lend itself to uniform treatment and rehabilitation protocols. The factors driving these distinct responses to PROMs remain unknown but are unrelated to common demographic variables.Full Tex