Hypothesis and theory : a pathophysiological concept of stroke-induced acute phase response and increased intestinal permeability leading to secondary brain damage

Gut integrity impairment leading to increased intestinal permeability (IP) is hypothesized to be a trigger of critically illness. Approximately 15–20% of human ischemic stroke (IS) victims require intensive care, including patients with impaired level of consciousness or a high risk for developing life-threatening cerebral edema. Local and systemic inflammatory reactions are a major component of the IS pathophysiology and can significantly aggravate brain tissue damage. Intracerebral inflammatory processes following IS have been well studied. Until now, less is known about systemic inflammatory responses and IS consequences apart from a frequently observed post-IS immunosuppression. Here, we provide a hypothesis of a crosstalk between systemic acute phase response (APR), IP and potential secondary brain damage during acute and subacute IS stages supported by preliminary experimental data. Alterations of the acute phase proteins (APPs) C-reactive protein and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and serum level changes of antibodies directed against Escherichia coli-cell extract antigen (IgA-, IgM-, and IgG-anti-E. coli) were investigated at 1, 2, and 7 days following IS in ten male sheep. We found an increase of both APPs as well as a decrease of all anti-E. coli antibodies within 48 h following IS. This may indicate an early systemic APR and increased IP, and underlines the importance of the increasingly recognized gut-brain axis and of intestinal antigen release for systemic immune responses in acute and subacute stroke stages

Thyroid hormone status defines brown adipose tissue activity and browning of white adipose tissues in mice

The present study aimed to determine the effect of thyroid hormone dysfunction on brown adipose tissue activity and white adipose tissue browning in mice. Twenty randomized female C57BL/6NTac mice per treatment group housed at room temperature were rendered hypothyroid or hyperthyroid. In-vivo small animal 18F-FDG PET/MRI was performed to determine the effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on BAT mass and BAT activity. Ex-vivo14C-acetate loading assay and assessment of thermogenic gene and protein expression permitted analysis of oxidative and thermogenic capacities of WAT and BAT of eu-, hyper and hypothyroid mice. 18F-FDG PET/MRI revealed a lack of brown adipose tissue activity in hypothyroid mice, whereas hyperthyroid mice displayed increased BAT mass alongside enhanced 18F-FDG uptake. In white adipose tissue of both, hyper- and hypothyroid mice, we found a significant induction of thermogenic genes together with multilocular adipocytes expressing UCP1. Taken together, these results suggest that both the hyperthyroid and hypothyroid state stimulate WAT thermogenesis most likely as a consequence of enhanced adrenergic signaling or compensation for impaired BAT function, respectively

Tratamiento de codo de tenista en deportes de raqueta – revisión de la literatura

Background: Pain from the lateral aspect of the elbow is a common symptom in racket sports, both in recreational and competitive players. In Tennis elbow (TE), the pain is elicited from the lateral epicondyle and the common extensor origin just distal of the epicondyle. The symptoms are aggravated by gripping activity and might be related to activity level, in work as well as in recreational or elite racket sports. TE is considered to be an overuse injury of degenerative nature and the diagnose is easily made, based on a typical history and clinical findings. Objective: To present current knowledge concerning management of TE in racket sports by a review of the literature. Methods: Narrative literature review. Results: An overview of TE in racket sports with highlight on the clinical features, alternative diagnoses and suggested treatments in the literature. Since TE is considered to be an overuse injury, the paper advice for management and training until resolution of symptoms. Conclusions: This painful condition is self-limiting with a good prognosis. No treatment has been convincingly successful, besides methods for reducing pain symptoms. When the pain symptoms are under control, it is important that the return to racket sports is gradual.Antecedentes: El dolor en la parte lateral del codo es un síntoma común en los deportes de raqueta, tanto en jugadores recreacionales como de competición. En el codo de tenista (CT), el dolor se produce en el epicóndilo lateral y en el origen del extensor común justo distal al epicóndilo. Los síntomas se agravan con actividades de agarre y pueden estar relacionados con el nivel de actividad, ya sea en el trabajo o en los deportes de raqueta recreacionales o de élite. Se considera que el CT es una lesión por sobreuso de naturaleza degenerativa y el diagnóstico se realiza fácilmente basado en la historia y los hallazgos clínicos. Objetivo: Presentar el conocimiento actual sobre el tratamiento del CT en los deportes de raqueta a través de una revisión de la literatura. Métodos: Revisión de la literatura narrativa. Resultados: Un resumen del CT en los deportes de raqueta con énfasis en las características clínicas, los diagnósticos alternativos y los tratamientos sugeridos en la literatura. Dado que el CT se considera una lesión por sobreuso, el artículo también hace sugerencias para un plan de entrenamiento adicional al tratamiento hasta que se resuelvan los síntomas. Conclusiones: Esta condición dolorosa es autolimitada y tiene un buen pronóstico. No hay tratamiento con evidencia determinante, además de los métodos para reducir los síntomas de dolor. Cuando los síntomas de dolor están bajo control, es importante que el regreso a los deportes de raqueta sea gradual

Tratamiento de codo de tenista en deportes de raqueta – revisión de la literatura

Background: Pain from the lateral aspect of the elbow is a common symptom in racket sports, both in recreational and competitive players. In Tennis elbow (TE), the pain is elicited from the lateral epicondyle and the common extensor origin just distal of the epicondyle. The symptoms are aggravated by gripping activity and might be related to activity level, in work as well as in recreational or elite racket sports. TE is considered to be an overuse injury of degenerative nature and the diagnose is easily made, based on a typical history and clinical findings. Objective: To present current knowledge concerning management of TE in racket sports by a review of the literature. Methods: Narrative literature review. Results: An overview of TE in racket sports with highlight on the clinical features, alternative diagnoses and suggested treatments in the literature. Since TE is considered to be an overuse injury, the paper also provides advises for training plan besides management until resolution of symptoms. Conclusions: This painful condition is self-limiting with a good prognosis. No treatment has convincingly evidence, besides methods for reducing pain symptoms. When the pain symptoms are under control, it is important that the return to racket sports is gradual.Antecedentes: El dolor en la parte lateral del codo es un síntoma común en los deportes de raqueta, tanto en jugadores recreacionales como de competición. En el codo de tenista (CT), el dolor se produce en el epicóndilo lateral y en el origen del extensor común justo distal al epicóndilo. Los síntomas se agravan con actividades de agarre y pueden estar relacionados con el nivel de actividad, ya sea en el trabajo o en los deportes de raqueta recreacionales o de élite. Se considera que el CT es una lesión por sobreuso de naturaleza degenerativa y el diagnóstico se realiza fácilmente basado en la historia y los hallazgos clínicos. Objetivo: Presentar el conocimiento actual sobre el tratamiento del CT en los deportes de raqueta a través de una revisión de la literatura. Métodos: Revisión de la literatura narrativa. Resultados: Un resumen del CT en los deportes de raqueta con énfasis en las características clínicas, los diagnósticos alternativos y los tratamientos sugeridos en la literatura. Dado que el CT se considera una lesión por sobreuso, el artículo también hace sugerencias para un plan de entrenamiento adicional al tratamiento hasta que se resuelvan los síntomas. Conclusiones: Esta condición dolorosa es autolimitada y tiene un buen pronóstico. No hay tratamiento con evidencia determinante, además de los métodos para reducir los síntomas de dolor. Cuando los síntomas de dolor están bajo control, es importante que el regreso a los deportes de raqueta sea gradual

Combinatorial Tethering:A Novel Mode to Recruit Non-canonical PRC1 for Normal and Malignant GC B Cell Development

Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) are key to normal development and are frequently deregulated in human cancer. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Béguelin et al. report a mechanism of non-canonical PRC1 recruitment by BCL6 in collaboration with EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 for establishment of stable repressive complexes in germinal center B cells

Vorteilhaftigkeit und Maßnahmen der energetischen Sanierung von denkmalgeschützten Wohnimmobilien

nicht vorhande

Manufacturing of 42SiCr-pipes for quenching and partitioning by longitudinal HFI-Welding

In the pipe manufacturing and pipe processing industry, the demand for cost-effective pipes with high strength and good ductility is increasing. In the present study, the inductive longitudinal welding process was combined with a Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) treatment to manufacture pipes with enhanced mechanical properties. The aim of the Q&P process is to establish a martensitic structure with increased retained austenite content. This allows for the beneficial use of both phases: the strength of martensite as well as the ductility of retained austenite. A 42SiCr steel, developed for Q&P processes, was joined at the longitudinal seam by a high-frequency induction (HFI) welding process and was subsequently heat-treated. The applied heat treatments included normalizing, austenitizing, quenching, and two Q&P strategies (Q&P-A/Q&P-B) with distinct quenching (Tq = 200/150◦ C) and partitioning temperatures (Tp = 300/250◦ C). Investigations of the microstructures revealed that Q&P tubes exhibit increased amounts of retained austenite in the martensitic matrix. Differences between the weld junction and the base material occurred, especially regarding the morphology of the martensite; the martensite found in the weld junction is finer and corresponds more to the lath-type morphology, compared to the base material in the circumference. In all zones of the welded tube circumference, retained austenite has been found in similar distributions. The mechanical testing of the individual tubes demonstrated that the Q&P treatments offer increased strength compared to all other states and significantly improved ductility compared to the quenched condition. Therefore, the approach of Q&P treatment of HFI-welded tubes represents a route for the mass production of high-strength tubular products with improved ductility

Revisión narrativa de las roturas de tendón de Aquiles en deportes de raqueta

This review aims to enlighten the existing research about Achilles tendon ruptures (ATR) in racket sports. Further, this review will also include the acute management, rehabilitation, treatment and prognosis of an ATR. ATR is a common injury among individuals playing racket sports. However, the literature is limited and not up to date. Previous research claims that up to 70 percent of all ATR is related to sports activities where racket sports dominate. A large number of patients sustaining an ATR return to sport within a year from injury. Esta revisión pretende cubrir la investigación existente sobre las roturas del tendón de Aquiles (RTA) en los deportes de raqueta. Adicionalmente, esta revisión narrativa también incluirá el manejo agudo, la rehabilitación, el tratamiento y el pronóstico de una RTA. La RTA es una lesión común entre individuos que practican deportes de raqueta, sin embargo, la literatura es limitada y no está actualizada. Investigaciones previas afirman que hasta el 70% de todas las RTA están relacionadas con actividades deportivas donde predominan los deportes de raqueta. Un gran número de pacientes que sufren RTA regresan al deporte en el plazo de un año desde la lesión

Revisión narrativa de las roturas de tendón de Aquiles en deportes de raqueta

This review aims to report the existing research about Achilles tendon ruptures (ATR) in racket sports. Further, this narrative review will also include the acute management, rehabilitation, treatment and prognosis of an ATR. ATR is a common injury among individuals playing racket sports, however, the literature is limited and not up to date. Previous research claims that up to 70 percent of all ATR is related to sports activities where racket sports dominate. A large number of patients sustaining an ATR return to sport within a year from injury.Esta revisión pretende cubrir la investigación existente sobre las roturas del tendón de Aquiles (RTA) en los deportes de raqueta. Adicionalmente, esta revisión narrativa también incluirá el manejo agudo, la rehabilitación, el tratamiento y el pronóstico de una RTA. La RTA es una lesión común entre individuos que practican deportes de raqueta, sin embargo, la literatura es limitada y no está actualizada. Investigaciones previas afirman que hasta el 70% de todas las RTA están relacionadas con actividades deportivas donde predominan los deportes de raqueta. Un gran número de pacientes que sufren RTA regresan al deporte en el plazo de un año desde la lesión