Picosecond timing of Microwave Cherenkov Impulses from High-Energy Particle Showers Using Dielectric-loaded Waveguides

We report on the first measurements of coherent microwave impulses from high-energy particle-induced electromagnetic showers generated via the Askaryan effect in a dielectric-loaded waveguide. Bunches of 12.16 GeV electrons with total bunch energy of $\sim 10^3-10^4$ GeV were pre-showered in tungsten, and then measured with WR-51 rectangular (12.6 mm by 6.3 mm) waveguide elements loaded with solid alumina ($Al_2 O_3$) bars. In the 5-8 GHz $TE_{10}$ single-mode band determined by the presence of the dielectric in the waveguide, we observed band-limited microwave impulses with amplitude proportional to bunch energy. Signals in different waveguide elements measuring the same shower were used to estimate relative time differences with 2.3 picosecond precision. These measurements establish a basis for using arrays of alumina-loaded waveguide elements, with exceptional radiation hardness, as very high precision timing planes for high-energy physics detectors.Comment: 16 pages, 15 figure

EXAMINING THE DEPRESSION LEVELS OF WATER SPORTS PLAYERS IN TERMS OF DIFFERENT SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

In this study, the purpose is to examine the depression levels of regular water sports players in terms of different variables. The sampling of the study was formed by using the Convenient Sampling Method. A total of 92 people whose ages varied between 17 and 28 participated in the study; and 24 of them were women (26.1%), and 68 were men (73.9%). Sixty-one of the players (66.3%) dealt with water polo, 21 dealt with (22.8%) swimming, 10 dealt with (10.9%) underwater rugby. The participants answered the questions in the Beck Depression Scale, which consisted of 21 questions. According to the results of the reliability analysis, which was made for Beck Depression Scale, the reliability of the scale was determined as 0.94, which is an extremely high value. In the present study, numbers and percentiles of the independent variables, descriptive statistics of the dependent variables (Beck Scale Total Score), reliability (Alpha) and Item Analysis for the Beck Scale, One-Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) between independent and dependent variables; and when differences were detected between the groups in the variance analysis, the Tukey-b Multiple Comparisons Test was applied to make comparisons between the groups. There were statistically significant differences between the total scores of the three Beck Scale groups, which were formed according to the sports branches the players dealt with; F(2,89)=3.646; p<0.05. According to the result of the Tukey-b Multiple Comparison Test, which was applied to determine from which group the statistically significant difference stemmed, it seemed that the group that dealt with swimming was more depressive than the group that dealt with water polo and underwater rugby; and the group that dealt with water polo seemed more depressive than the group that dealt with underwater rugby. In other words, the Beck Depression Scale scores of these groups were determined to be higher than those of the other groups. The results obtained in the analyses were discussed in line with the literature data.  Article visualizations

Analysis of Sports and Social Skill Relation in a Non-Sportive Group

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between social skills and sports participation of non-athlete participants. The data of this study were collected by using the Convenience Sampling Method from 197 females (59.3%) and 135 males (40.7%), a total of 332 participants, ranging in age from 17 to 67 years (mean=28.72±9.31 years). When asked about the frequency of engaging in sports, while 43 (13.0%) of the respondents reported regular participation and 117 (53.3%) reported occasional participation, and 112 (33.7%) were non-participants. The participants completed the “A Social Skills Scale” for adults consisting of 80 items, and the Socio-demographic Form. The results showed that the Internal Consistency Coefficient for the scale was 0.93. In order to compare the three groups (regular participants, occasional participants, and non-participants) and other variables in terms of the total score of the scale, the two-way ANOVA test was used. There were significant differences in social skill degrees between three groups which were constituted based on frequency of sports participation, between the genders, and between the two groups that were formed considering where participants spent most of their lives (big cities or small towns). On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between participants’ social skills according to age and socioeconomic variables like marital status, education, occupational and financial status. Findings were discussed in the context of the related literature

The effect of socıal skılls traınıng program on the socıal skılls perceptıons of sports students

The aim of this research is to reveal whether the social skills training program has an effect on the research of social skills levels of students participating in the social skills training program and studying sports. The study group of the research consists of a total of 30 students, 5 female and 25 male, actively studying at Manisa Celal Bayar University in 2019-2020. In this study, socio-demographic information form and a social skill scale developed by Tatar et al. (2018) were used as data collection tools for adults. In the implementation phase of the study, the social skills training program was applied to 15 students, who were determined as the experimental group, for 9 sessions for 9 weeks, once a week for 1.5-2 hours. The data of this study were analyzed with SPSS program version 22.0. In the analysis of the data, the t-test was applied for the comparison results of the number percentage distributions of independent variables, descriptive statistics for dependent variables, reliability and item analysis of the scales, the mean of the two independent variables of the group and the total scores of the two measurements made at different times, and the t-test was applied to determine the difference between the mean scores of the groups. It was found that there was a significant difference between the pre-test score distributions and post-test score distributions of the experimental group receiving social skills training, but there was no significant difference between the pre-test score distributions and post-test scores of the experimental group and the control group. In the 3rd and 6th month score distributions conducted for monitoring process, it was observed that the effect of the social skills training program continued.  It was found that there was no difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups of the students studying sports in social skills training

The effect of socıal skılls traınıng program on the socıal skılls perceptıons of sports students

The aim of this research is to reveal whether the social skills training program has an effect on the research of social skills levels of students participating in the social skills training program and studying sports. The study group of the research consists of a total of 30 students, 5 female and 25 male, actively studying at Manisa Celal Bayar University in 2019-2020. In this study, socio-demographic information form and a social skill scale developed by Tatar et al. (2018) were used as data collection tools for adults. In the implementation phase of the study, the social skills training program was applied to 15 students, who were determined as the experimental group, for 9 sessions for 9 weeks, once a week for 1.5-2 hours. The data of this study were analyzed with SPSS program version 22.0. In the analysis of the data, the t-test was applied for the comparison results of the number percentage distributions of independent variables, descriptive statistics for dependent variables, reliability and item analysis of the scales, the mean of the two independent variables of the group and the total scores of the two measurements made at different times, and the t-test was applied to determine the difference between the mean scores of the groups. It was found that there was a significant difference between the pre-test score distributions and post-test score distributions of the experimental group receiving social skills training, but there was no significant difference between the pre-test score distributions and post-test scores of the experimental group and the control group. In the 3rd and 6th month score distributions conducted for monitoring process, it was observed that the effect of the social skills training program continued.  It was found that there was no difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups of the students studying sports in social skills training

Ocena łożyska całkowicie przodującego przy pomocy rezonansu magnetycznego i ultrasonografii w celu wykrycia łożyska wrośniętego i jego wariantów

Objective: To evaluate the importance of ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting placental adherence defects. Material and methods: Patients diagnozed with total placenta previa (n=40) in whom hysterectomy was performed due to placental adherence defects (n=20) or in whom the placenta detached spontaneously after a Cesarean delivery (n=20) were included into the study between June 2008 and January 2011, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University (Izmir, Turkey). Gray-scale US was used to check for any placental lacunae, sub-placental sonolucent spaces or a placental mass invading the vesicouterine plane and bladder. Intra-placental lacunar turbulent blood flow and an increase in vascularization in the vesicouterine plane were evaluated with color Doppler mode. Subsequently, all patients had MRI and the results were compared with the histopathologic examinations. Results: The sensitivity of MRI for diagnosis of placental adherence defects before the operation was 95%, with a specificity of 95%. In the presence of at least one diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity and specificity of US were 87.5% and 100% respectively, while the sensitivity of color Doppler US was 62.5% with a specificity of 100%. Conclusions: Currently, MRI appears to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of placenta accreta. None of the ultrasonographic criteria is solely sufficient to diagnose placental adherence defects, however, they assist in the diagnostic process.Cel pracy: Celem pracy była ocena przydatności ultrasonografii (US) i rezonansu magnetycznego (MRI) w wykrywaniu nieprawidłowości implantacji łożyska. Materiał i metoda: Do badania włączono pacjentki, które leczone były w Klinice Położnictwa i Ginekologii na Uniwersytecie Ege w Izmirze (Turcja), w okresie od czerwca 2008 do stycznia 2011, z powodu łożyska całkowicie przodującego (n=40). U 20 pacjentek wykonano histerektomię z powodu trudności w oddzieleniu łożyska a u 20 łożysko oddzieliło się samoistnie w trakcie cięcia cesarskiego. Zastosowano skalę Graya do oceny lakun w łożysku, wolnych przestrzeni pod płytą łożyska oraz masy łożyskowej naciekającej płaszczyznę pęcherzowo-maciczną oraz pęcherz moczowy. W badaniu USG z kolorowym Dopplerem oceniano turbulentny przepływ krwi w lakunach wewnątrzłożyskowych oraz wzrost unaczynienia w płaszczyźnie pęcherzowo-macicznej. Następnie wszystkie pacjentki miały wykonane badanie MRI a wyniki porównano z oceną histopatologiczną. Wyniki: Czułość badania MRI dla rozpoznania nieprawidłowości implantacji łożyska przed operacją wyniosła 95% a specyficzność również 95%. Przy obecnym przynajmniej jednym kryterium diagnostycznym, czułość i specyficzność badania USG wyniosły odpowiednio 87,5% i 100%, podczas gdy czułość kolorowego Dopplera wyniosła 62,5% a specyficzność 100%. Wnioski: Obecnie badanie MRI jest złotym standardem wykrywania łożyska wrośniętego. Żadne z ultrasonograficznych kryteriów nie jest wystarczające do rozpoznania nieprawidłowości implantacji łożyska, aczkolwiek pełnią funkcję pomocniczą w procesie diagnostycznym

The usefulness of p16 and COX-2 expression on the prediction of progression to endometrial cancer

Objectives. Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most commonly diagnosed gynecological cancer. Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a more common diagnosis than EC. Endometrial hyperplasia is found in approximately 1.5% of all women presenting with abnormal bleeding. Endometrial hyperplasia progresses to EC, and especially, cancer risk increases in cases with atypical hyperplasia. p16, one of the tumor suppressor proteins involved in the cell cycle, and COX-2, one of the key enzymes of prostaglandin synthesis, are important markers for the diagnosis of both EH and EC. There is lack of consensus in the classification, diagnosis and treatment of EH. The subject of changes in the cell cycle in the progression of endometrial pathologies may help to identify and prevent these affected pathways in the treatment stage. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of p16 and COX-2 during the development of EC from EH. Material and methods. We investigated COX-2 and P16 expressions in patients with proliferative endometrium, complex/simple endometrial hyperplasia and endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Results. p16 expression increased in EH and EC (p50% of myometrial invasion, this increase was not statistically significant. Conclusions. More detailed studies are needed to investigate the prognostic significance of the COX-2 molecule. COX-2 might be a potential biomarker for the prognosis of endometrial cancer and a potential therapeutic target for EC treatment. Also, it might be used to prevent the progression of precursor lesions to invasive EC

Primary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Breast: Radiologic and Pathologic Findings

Some breast neoplasms are classified as primary neuroendocrine carcinomas because they are positive for neuroendocrine markers. Although neuroendocrine carcinomas can originate from various organs of the body, primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast are extremely rare. The diagnosis of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast can only be made if nonmammary sites are confidently excluded or if an in situ component can be found. Here we report a primary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNL) involving the left breast. Breast ultrasonography revealed a lobulated, heterogeneous, low-echoic mass in the left breast, and the lesion ap-peared as a well-defined, highly-enhancing mass on a chest computed tomography scan. Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy was performed on the mass, and primary LCNC was confirmed by histopathologic examination

Mucoadhesive in situ gel formulations of miconazole nitrate for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis

This study focused on developing in situ gel formulations of miconazole nitrate with poloxamer 188 and 407 for treatment of mucosal candidiasis. In situ gel formulations were prepared and gelation temperature, rheological, mechanical and mucoadhesive properties, syringeability and release profiles were evaluated. Based on their suitable gelation temperature properties, formulations containing the poloxamer (Plx) 407 and 188 in ratios of 15:15 (F1), 15:20 (F2) and 20:10 (F3) were chosen for further studies. F3 exhibited typical gel-type mechanical spectra at 37 °C whereas F1 and F2 behaved like weakly cross-linked gels. Texture profile analysis demonstrated that F3 showed the highest cohesiveness, adhesiveness, hardness and compressibility. According to the these results, F3 was chosen for in vivo studies and it was shown that it is effective for the treatment of the vaginal candidiasis. Histopathologic evaluation also supported the effectiveness of the formulation. As a result, in situ gel formulations prepared with Plx 407 and 188 mixture of miconazole nitrate proved to be a promising alternative dosage form for treatment of mucosal candidiasisColegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire