Presentation of combinatorial concepts in mathematics textbooks and its compliance with a concept development theory

This article analyses the approach taken by five Czech secondary school mathematics textbooks to selected combinatorial concepts, in order to determine the extent to which they provide pedagogical support to teachers based on the theory of generic models, which is a theory of concept development. The analysis of textbooks in relation to this theory focused on the presence and quality of a) isolated models and non-models of future knowledge, b) prompts to generalise as a prerequisite for the creation of a generic model, and c) the supportive role of graphical representations in developing combinatorial thinking. Most notably, we identified insufficient motivation for combinatorial problems, few isolated models of future knowledge, the absence of explicit prompts to generalise and a consequent lack of a significant concept of isomorphism. Despite the research-proven positive influence of the creation of graphical representations on the development of pupils’ combinatorial thinking, they are rare in textbook chapters about combinatorics, and lack diversity. With a few exceptions, textbook authors do not encourage readers to create their own graphical representations. One textbook stood out in that it frequently prompts the creation of personalised representations, works purposefully with isomorphic problems and encourages the reader to generalise specific procedures.Článek analyzuje přístupy k vybraným kombinatorickým konceptům v pěti českých středoškolských učebnicích matematiky s cílem zjistit, do jaké míry tyto učebnice poskytují podporu učitelům pro výuku založenou na teorii poznávacího procesu v matematice. Analýza učebnic byla vedena na pozadí teorie generických modelů, přičemž důraz byl položen na přítomnost a kvalitu a) izolovaných modelů a nemodelů budoucího poznatku, b) výzev k zobecňování jako nutnému předpokladu tvorby generického modelu, c) grafických  reprezentací jako nezbytné podpory rozvoje kombinatorického uvažování. Bylo zjištěno, že učebnice jsou si v mnoha směrech dosti podobné, ale v jistých ohledech se odlišují. V učebnicích jsme identifikovali mj. nedostatečnou motivaci pro kombinatoriku, nízký počet izolovaných modelů budoucího poznatku, absenci explicitních výzev k zobecňování a z toho plynoucí absenci významného konceptu izomorfismus. Navzdory výzkumně prokázanému pozitivnímu vlivu přítomnosti a vlastní tvorby grafických reprezentací na rozvoj žákovského kombinatorického myšlení se v učebnicích vyskytují reprezentace zřídka, a navíc s malou rozmanitostí. Autoři učebnic až na výjimky nevyzývají čtenáře k tvorbě vlastních grafických reprezentací. Od analyzovaných učebnic se odlišuje jedna, která obsahuje časté výzvy k tvorbě vlastních reprezentací, pracuje záměrně s izomorfními úlohami a vyzývá čtenáře k zobecňování konkrétních postupů

The Zenkl family in the fight against totalitarian regimes

Bakalářská práce se zabývá životními příběhy členů rodiny Zenklových, kteří se stavěli na odpor nacismu a komunismu, nebo se stali jejími oběťmi. Primárně se snaží klást důraz na činnost během jejich největších protitotalitních aktivit a událostí, kdy byly totalitní režimy u moci. Zmíněné jsou i jejich činnosti od mládí až k posledním fázím života. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA PhDr. Petr Zenkl, JUDr. Jan Zenkl, Rudolf Zenkl, Ing. Jan Zenkl, nacismus, komunismus, Buchenwald, Komunistická strana Československa, Československá strana národně socialistická, Státní bezpečnostThe bachelor thesis focuses on the life stories of members of the Zenkl family who resisted Nazism and Communism or became its victims. It primarily try to highlights activities during their greatest anti-totalitarian activities and events when totalitarian regimes were in power. Their activities during their youth and the last phases of their lives are also mentioned. KEYWORDS PhDr. Petr Zenkl, JUDr. Jan Zenkl, Rudolf Zenkl, Ing. Jan Zenkl, Nazism, Communism, Buchenwald, Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovak National Socialist Party, State SecurityKatedra dějin a didaktiky dějepisuFaculty of EducationPedagogická fakult

Comparison of a one-year training cycle of two 1500m runners

Název Porovnání ročního tréninkového cyklu běžců na 1500 m Katedra tělesné výchovy Vedoucí práce PhDr. PaedDr. Ladislav Kašpar, PhD. Bakalářská práce se zabývá pozorováním ročního tréninkového cyklu dvou běžců na 1500 m podobné výkonnostní úrovně. Práce monitoruje rozdílný způsob přípravy obou běžců, který je primárně zaměřen na porovnání počtu naběhaných kilometrů, množství aerobní a anaerobní zátěže například četnost naběhaných kilometrů ve speciální Klíčová slova ěžec, trénink, vytrvalost, běh, 1500 m, aerobní, anaerobní, speciální tempo, anaerobní práhTitle Comparison of a one-year training cycle of two 1500 m runners Author Adam Zenkl Department Department of physical education Supervisor PhDr. PaedDr. Ladislav Kašpar, PhD. Abstract The bachelor's work is focused on an observation of a one-year training cycle of two 1500 m runners who are on almost the same level. The work monitors different ways of their preparation which differ primarily in the number of kilometers run, the amount of aerobic and anaerobic load, or the frequency of special pace. Keywords runner, training, endurance, run, 1500 m, aerobic, anaerobic, anaerobic thresholdKatedra tělesné výchovyFaculty of EducationPedagogická fakult

The taming of sociodigital anticipations: AI in the digital welfare state

Advanced algorithmic technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) are projected to profoundly impact public employment services (PES) and the delivery of labor market policies. Focusing on the perspectives of PES counselors in Austria, this study examines workers’ anticipations of future AI technologies. Based on face-to-face interviews (n = 23), it identifies and explores the concept of “taming” as a primary tactic for managing and appropriating uncertain AI futures within the limits of current institutional and bureaucratic structures. “Tamed” anticipations of advanced algorithms are rooted within challenging working conditions (insufficient resources and time for clients), reconfigurations of roles and agencies (administration of systems instead of supporting clients) and nested within transformations of techno-bureaucratic regimes (from street- over screen- to system-level bureaucracies), which they envision to rectify and repair. Taming is thus applied as a lens to observe practices of anticipation that navigate and contest precarities of daily work life beyond dichotomies of compliance and resistance. Despite the differences in tamed AI futures identified, the analysis shows corresponding properties: Tamed anticipations consolidate dependencies between human and machinic actors, demarcate what is (un-)tamable, and are inherently dialectical. Synthesizing structural problems and an imperative for human elements into futures that rely on advanced technologies, a truly “human” counseling situation is thought to be obtained through “machinic” means. To “tame” futures with and by anticipating certain AI technologies here means affirming ideas of a supposedly better working conditions (more humanity and margin of discretion) and regaining (or even improving) them through the computational means that are considered responsible for their loss

The best Czechoslovak and Czech middle-distance and long-distance runners and their achievements from the end of the Second World War to the present. AUTOR:

The aim of the thesis is to map the biggest achievements of Czech middle-distance and long- distance runners in the period from the end of the Second World War to the present days. Through the study of at that time current materials, interviews with former and current athletes the most interesting facts from their athletic training will be pointed out. The thesis will also further elaborate the origin and the development of athletics in the Czech Republic. Athletics belongs to one of the basic sports. Unfortunately, nowadays it is losing its popularity compared to some other sports. The thesis will point out that athletics used to have and still has great things to offer. Last but not least, I would like to map the history of middle and long distances and also focus on the development of training methods on these distances. KEYWORDS: Running, middle-distance running, long-distance running, history, runners, athleticsCílem mé diplomové práce je zmapovat největší úspěchy našich běžců na střední a dlouhé tratě v období od konce druhé světové války po současnost. Pomocí studia dobových materiálů, rozhovorů s bývalými i současnými atlety uvést zajímavosti z jejich atletické přípravy. Dále bych rád popsal vznik a vývoj atletiky v ČR a ČSSR. V neposlední řadě bych chtěl zmapoval historii středních a dlouhých tratí a také se věnovat vývoji tréninkových metod na těchto tratích. Atletika je jedním ze základních sportovních odvětví. V dnešní době však bohužel není tak populární jako ostatní sporty. Chtěl bych poukázat na to, že atletika měla a má, co nabídnout i dnes. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA: Běh, běh na střední tratě, běh na dlouhé tratě, historie, běžci, atletikaKatedra tělesné výchovyPedagogická fakultaFaculty of Educatio

Materials for Diabetes Therapeutics

This review is focused on the materials and methods used to fabricate closed-loop systems for type 1 diabetes therapy. Herein, we give a brief overview of current methods used for patient care and discuss two types of possible treatments and the materials used for these therapies–(i) artificial pancreases, comprised of insulin producing cells embedded in a polymeric biomaterial, and (ii) totally synthetic pancreases formulated by integrating continuous glucose monitors with controlled insulin release through degradable polymers and glucose-responsive polymer systems. Both the artificial and the completely synthetic pancreas have two major design requirements: the device must be both biocompatible and be permeable to small molecules and proteins, such as insulin. Several polymers and fabrication methods of artificial pancreases are discussed: microencapsulation, conformal coatings, and planar sheets. We also review the two components of a completely synthetic pancreas. Several types of glucose sensing systems (including materials used for electrochemical, optical, and chemical sensing platforms) are discussed, in addition to various polymer-based release systems (including ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, and phenylboronic acid containing hydrogels).Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (17-2007-1063)Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (09PG-T1D027)United States. National Institutes of Health (F32 EB011580-01

Cardioprotective efficacy of limb remote ischaemic preconditioning in rats: discrepancy between a meta-analysis and a three-centre in vivo study

Aims Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a robust cardioprotective intervention in preclinical studies. To establish a working and efficacious RIPC protocol in our laboratories, we performed randomized, blinded in vivo studies in three study centres in rats, with various RIPC protocols. To verify that our experimental settings are in good alignment with in vivo rat studies showing cardioprotection by limb RIPC, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. In addition, we investigated the importance of different study parameters. Methods and results Male Wistar rats were subjected to 20–45 min cardiac ischaemia followed by 120 min reperfusion with or without preceding RIPC by 3 or 4 × 5−5 min occlusion/reperfusion of one or two femoral vessels by clamping, tourniquet, or pressure cuff. RIPC did not reduce infarct size (IS), microvascular obstruction, or arrhythmias at any study centres. Systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on in vivo rat models of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury with limb RIPC showed that RIPC reduces IS by 21.28% on average. In addition, the systematic review showed methodological heterogeneity and insufficient reporting of study parameters in a high proportion of studies. Conclusion We report for the first time the lack of cardioprotection by RIPC in rats, assessed in individually randomized, blinded in vivo studies, involving three study centres, using different RIPC protocols. These results are in discrepancy with the meta-analysis of similar in vivo rat studies; however, no specific methodological reason could be identified by the systematic review, probably due to the overall insufficient reporting of several study parameters that did not improve over the past two decades. These results urge for publication of more well-designed and well-reported studies, irrespective of the outcome, which are required for preclinical reproducibility, and the development of clinically translatable cardioprotective interventions

The Zenkl family in the fight against totalitarian regimes

The bachelor thesis focuses on the life stories of members of the Zenkl family who resisted Nazism and Communism or became its victims. It primarily try to highlights activities during their greatest anti-totalitarian activities and events when totalitarian regimes were in power. Their activities during their youth and the last phases of their lives are also mentioned. KEYWORDS PhDr. Petr Zenkl, JUDr. Jan Zenkl, Rudolf Zenkl, Ing. Jan Zenkl, Nazism, Communism, Buchenwald, Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovak National Socialist Party, State Securit