Die Dendritenentwicklung von Purkinjezellen durch glutamatrezeptorgesteuerte Signalwege

Die Dendritenentwicklung von Nervenzellen unterliegt geregelten Mechanismen. Die jeweilige Dendritenarchitektur ist für jede Nervenzellpopulation sehr spezifisch. Nervenzellen lassen sich anhand ihrer Dendritenbäume identifizieren und einer Zellpopulation zuordnen. Dass die Entwicklung solcher spezifischen Zellmerkmale geregelten Mechanismen unterliegt ist nahe liegend. Im Jahre 2000 konnten Metzger und Kapfhammer zeigen, dass eine Aktivierung der intrazellulären Proteinkinase C (PKC) in Purkinjezellen zu einer Hemmung des Dendritenwachstums dieser Zellpopulation in Kleinhirnschnittkulturen der Ratte führt. Auf Grund der Kenntnis des Signalwegs der Proteinkinase C im Paradigma der long term depression (LTD) wurde ein Zusammenhang von metabotropen Glutamatrezeptoren der Klasse 1 (mGlu-Rezeptoren 1) und der PKC Aktivierung vermutet

ICT Trends in European Policing

In this report we present the results from interviews and document analyses of current and planned information and communication technology (ICT) projects with police forces from 10 European countries and from interviews with technology vendors in the field of ICT for policing. Based on a cross-country, cross-organisational analysis, we present the following themes that describe major trends in ICT for European policing: » the integration of intelligence data systems » the adoption of mobile computing » the use of video surveillance technologies » the application of digital biometrics » the crosscutting issue of user acceptance » the emerging challenge of social media applications We discuss how these issues are relevant and thereby point to open issues for future research

Police Knowledge Sharing Capabilities

In this brochure we present the results from three studies of knowledge sharing within police organisations and with three other stakeholders (other forces in the same country, the public and forces in other countries). In the first study, 152 interviews were conducted with members from 17 police organisations drawn from all of the 10 countries involved in the COMPOSITE project. In the second study ten in-depth case studies of international knowledge sharing involving police organisations were carried out. The third study involved conducting a survey of 481 police members drawn from the ten member countries with the aim of developing an organizational knowledge sharing diagnostic tool. We present the findings in terms of the perceived effectiveness of knowledge sharing in different domains, the most frequent types of knowledge shared, the most and least effective methods of knowledge sharing and the most common perceived barriers and facilitators for knowledge sharing both within police organisations and between the aforementioned stakeholders. Analyses are summarised across all countries as well as pointing out differences between countries with concluding comments highlighting the main themes and recommendations emerging from the analyses. The findings are integrated into a conceptual framework of ten types of factors found to influence knowledge sharing effectiveness in different domains (staff capabilities, process capabilities, technology capabilities, financial resources, information characteristics, timeliness of information sharing, organisational differences, political differences, public factors and international factors). Practical recommendations arising from the research highlight the importance of building up the human factors of motivation, trust, knowledge, skills and experience of police personnel and facilitating methods for direct contact between different police and nonpolice stakeholders as a crucial set of knowledge sharing capabilities for police organisations. A new diagnostic tool designed specifically for police organisations (EKSPO-DI) based on this research is presented in this report as a means of helping benchmark knowledge sharing performance and areas for development