Key pathways and genes controlling the development and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) based on gene set enrichment analysis

BACKGROUND: Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common types of kidney cancer in adults; however, its causes are not completely understood. The study was designed to filter the key pathways and genes associated with the occurrence or development of ccRCC, acquaint its pathogenesis at gene and pathway level, to provide more theory evidence and targeted therapy for ccRCC. METHODS: Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and meta-analysis (Meta) were used to screen the critical pathways and genes which may affect the occurrence and progression of ccRCC on the transcription level. Corresponding pathways of significant genes were obtained with the online website DAVID (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/). RESULTS: Thirty seven consistent pathways and key genes in these pathways related to ccRCC were obtained with combined GSEA and meta-analysis. These pathways were mainly involved in metabolism, organismal systems, cellular processes and environmental information processing. CONCLUSION: The gene pathways that we identified could provide insight concerning the development of ccRCC. Further studies are needed to determine the biological function for the positive genes

LGmap: Local-to-Global Mapping Network for Online Long-Range Vectorized HD Map Construction

This report introduces the first-place winning solution for the Autonomous Grand Challenge 2024 - Mapless Driving. In this report, we introduce a novel online mapping pipeline LGmap, which adept at long-range temporal model. Firstly, we propose symmetric view transformation(SVT), a hybrid view transformation module. Our approach overcomes the limitations of forward sparse feature representation and utilizing depth perception and SD prior information. Secondly, we propose hierarchical temporal fusion(HTF) module. It employs temporal information from local to global, which empowers the construction of long-range HD map with high stability. Lastly, we propose a novel ped-crossing resampling. The simplified ped crossing representation accelerates the instance attention based decoder convergence performance. Our method achieves 0.66 UniScore in the Mapless Driving OpenLaneV2 test set

Factors affecting the yield of bio-oil from the pyrolysis of coconut shell

Coconut is a high-quality agricultural product of the Asia–Pacific region. In this paper, coconut shell which mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin was used as a raw material for coconut shell oil from coconut shell pyrolysis. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and particle size on coconut oil yield was investigated, and the effect of heating rate on coconut oil components was discussed. Experimental results show that the maximum oil yield of 75.74 wt% (including water) were obtained under the conditions that the final pyrolysis temperature 575 °C, heating rate 20 °C/min, coconut shell diameter about 5 mm. Thermal gravimetric analysis was used and it can be seen that coconut shell pyrolysis process can be divided into three stages: water loss, pyrolysis and pyrocondensation. The main components of coconut-shell oil are water (about 50 wt%), aromatic, phenolic, acid, ketone and ether containing compounds

Research on soil improvement and engineering application under mixed application of environmental materials in alpine mining areas

To address the issues of inadequate topsoil structure, soil erosion, and low soil fertility in the reclamation of alpine mining areas. Taking Qinghai West Copper Mine as an example, this study investigates the impact of three materials—sheep manure(A), TG modifier(B), and water retaining agent(C)—on soil improvement using a simulated orthogonal design experiment. The experiment aims to identify the optimal mixing ratio that yields the most significant improvement. Orthogonal polar results revealed that sheep manure had a more pronounced effect on soil organic matter, soil bulk density, porosity, and total salt content. Meanwhile, TG modifier demonstrated a stronger impact on pH, and the water retaining agent exhibited a greater influence on water-holding capacity in the field. The combined results of extreme difference analysis and principal component analysis indicated that treatment 1(A 6 g/kg, B 1.85 g/kg, C 0.06 g/kg) represented the optimal combination of physicochemical properties for soil improvement. Redundancy analyses yielded that sheep manure and TG modifier explained the best variability in soil physicochemical properties. Organic matter, soil field water holding capacity, and porosity exhibited significant correlations with environmental materials. Organic matter displayed a positive correlation with sheep manure, while porosity and field water holding capacity were positively associated with water retaining agent and TG modifier. Conversely, pH, total salt content, and soil bulk density demonstrated weaker correlations with environmental materials. Porosity and field water holding capacity were strongly positively correlated and both were negatively correlated with organic matter. Considering the optimal combination of soil organic matter (A3B3C2) and other soil physicochemical properties (A1B1C1), the optimal formula for soil matrix restoration in alpine mining areas was determined using the median algorithm as A2B2C1.5. This corresponds to 12 g/kg of A (sheep manure), 3.7 g/kg of B (TG modifier), and 0.09 g/kg of C (water retaining agent) as the optimal ratios. The engineering application process, primarily centered around activities such as slope trimming, hanging coconut/barbed wire, hanging ecological rods, setting up drainage ditches, screening of guest soil, spraying of alien soil, laying of water-preserving blankets, and maintenance management and monitoring, was summarized. This summary integrates research on experimental formulations with practical engineering applications. The results of the engineering applications of the three environmental materials illustrate that soil physicochemical properties and biomass were also significantly improved. This study provides a reference to address the restoration of soil fertility and structure in high-altitude mining areas of Qinghai-Tibet, which is of great significance for soil and water conservation

The promotion mechanism of how biochar affects the reclaimed soil microbial carbon sequestration capacity in coal mining areas

Biochar application is a key measure for enhancing soil quality. However, the impact of biochar applications on the reclaimed soil for improvement on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity and microbial diversity is still unclear, especially for the promotion mechanism of microbial carbon sequestration capacity. This study applied three kinds of biochar originated from straw containing rice straw, wheat straw, and corn straw to mine reclaimed soil, measured the effects of biochar addition on the physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, and carbon management index of reclaimed soil, and analyzed the variation of soil microbial community structure and carbon sequestration functional genes. From the experimental results, the main conclusions are shown as follows: ① The soil pH, electrical conductivity, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content in the biochar-added groups significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the activities of β-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were enhanced, whereas the activity of β–N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) decreased by 15.0% to 25.0%. ② Biochar addition increased the α diversity index of soil microbial community, while the effect on bacterial α diversity index was significantly higher than that of fungi. Biochar addition increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi (P < 0.05), while decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota. In addition, it reduced the relative abundance of Ascomycota in fungi and significantly increased the relative abundance of Basidiomycota (P < 0.05). The three biochar treatments enhanced bacterial network complexity, but biochar addition did not significantly affect the fungal network complexity. ③ The soil carbon management index of rice straw biochar, wheat straw biochar, and corn straw biochar treatments increased by 4.7%, 4.8%, and 24.0%, respectively. Compared to the control group, the absolute abundance of carbon sequestration functional gene CBBL (the encoding gene of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit) in the straw biochar treatment group significantly increased (P < 0.05). The absolute abundance of carbon sequestration functional gene PMOA (the encoding gene of particulate methane monooxygenase ß subunit) in the corn straw biochar treatment group significantly increased (P < 0.05). Biochar addition significantly improved the correlations among environmental factors, carbon sequestration functional genes, and carbon management index, with the microbial community being the main controlling factor to regulate soil carbon sequestration potential, which could provide important basis for the future ecological restoration of mines, carbon sequestration and sink enhancement

B, N Dual Doped Coral-Like Carbon Framework With Superior Pseudocapacitance and Surface Wettability

Carbon-based materials are usually considered as conventional electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs), therefore it is meaningful to enhance supercapacitive capacity and cycling stability via rational surface structure design of carbon-based materials. The bio-inspired coral-like porous carbon structure has attracted much attention recently in that it can offer large surface area for ion accommodation and favor ions-diffusion, promoting its energy storage capacity. Herein, we designed a superiorly hydrophilic B, N dual doped coral-like carbon framework (BN-CCF) and studied its surface wettability via low-field nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation technique. The unique coral-like micro-nano structure and B, N dual doping in carbon framework can enhance its pseudocapacitance and improve surface wettability. Therefore, when used as electrodes of SCs, the BN-CCF displays 457.5 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, even when current density increases 20 folds, it still exhibits high capacitance retention of 66.1% and superior cycling stability. The symmetrical SCs assembled by BN-CCF electrodes show a high energy density of 14.92 Wh kg−1 (600 W kg−1). In this work, simple structural regulation with B, N dual doping and surface wettability should be considered as effective strategy to enhance energy storage capacity of carbon-based SCs