Table1_Effects of Massa Medicata Fermentata on the intestinal pathogenic flagella bacteria and visceral hypersensitivity in rats with irritable bowel syndrome.XLSX

Objective: To investigate the effect of Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF) on the changes of pathogenic flagellar bacteria and visceral hypersensitivity in rats with diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D).Methods: Thirty adult SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n = 10), model control group (n = 10), and MMF group (n = 10). Acetic acid enema combined with restraint stress was used to build the IBS-D visceral hypersensitivity model; Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test was used to assess the visceral sensitivity of rats; 16SrRNA sequencing was used to analyze the changes of intestinal bacteria in each group, and the content of pathogenic flagellated bacteria were quantitatively counted; The content of flagellin in colonic mucosa was detected by ELISA; TLR5 protein in colonic mucosa of rats was detected by Western Blot.Results: After IBS-D modeling, the visceral sensitivity of rats was significantly higher in the model control group than that in the normal control group (p = 0.0061), while it was significantly decreased in MMF group compared with the model control group (p = 0.0217), but without significant difference compared with the normal control group (p = 0.6851). The number of fecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the model group were significantly decreased compared with the normal control group (p Conclusion: MMF can reduce visceral hypersensitivity by decreasing the content of pathogenic flagellated bacteria and their flagellin and inhibiting its specific receptor TLR5 protein expression in colonic mucosa in IBS-D rats.</p

Effect of Pre-Corrected pH on the Carbohydrate Hydrolysis of Bamboo during Hydrothermal Pretreatment

To confirm the prospects for application of pre-corrected pH hydrothermal pretreatment in biorefineries, the effects of pH on the dissolution and degradation efficiency of carbohydrates were studied. The species composition of the hydrolysate was analyzed using high efficiency anion exchange chromatography and UV spectroscopy. The result showed that the greatest balance between the residual solid and total dissolved solids was obtained at pH 4 and 170 °C. Maximum recovery rates of cellulose and lignin were as expected, whereas hemicellulose had the least recovery rate. The hemicellulose extraction rate was 42.19%, and the oligomer form accounted for 93.39% of the product. The physicochemical properties of bamboo with or without pretreatment was characterized. Compared with the traditional hydrothermal pretreatment, the new pretreatment bamboo has higher fiber crystallinity and thermal stability. In the pretreatment process, the fracture of β-aryl ether bond was inhibited and the structural dissociation of lignin was reduced. The physicochemical properties of bamboo was protected while the hemicellulose was extracted efficiently. It provides theoretical support for the efficient utilization of all components of woody biomass.</jats:p

The value of COPD Assessment Test in Screening Anxiety and Depression in stable COPD patients

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression are common comorbidities in COPD patients but are often under-diagnosed. We aimed to assess the value of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) in identifying anxiety and depression from patients with COPD. Methods Stable COPD patients were recruited in this cross-sectional observational study between December 2016 and January 2021. The demographic characteristics and the CAT score were recorded. Anxiety was measured using Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD)-7. Depression was measured by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to identify factors associated with anxiety or depression and to calculate the predictive values. Results A total of 530 stable COPD patients were enrolled and of those the proportion of anxiety and depression were 17.0% and 21.5%, respectively. The CAT score correlated well with the GAD-7 score (r = 0.339, P &lt; 0.001) and PHQ-9 score (r = 0.435, P &lt; 0.001). The adjusted odds ratios of the CAT for the presence of anxiety and depression were 1.094 (95% CI: 1.057–1.131) and 1.143 (95% CI: 1.104–1.183), respectively. The CAT score demonstrated a good performance in identifying anxiety and depression with area under curves (AUCs) of 0.709 and 0.791, respectively. Among CAT items, analysis further showed that non-respiratory CAT components were superior to respiratory components in identifying both anxiety and depression. Conclusions The CAT score might be valuable in screening anxiety and depression in stable COPD patients. However, the screening value should be further evaluated using the diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression in the future. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03044847); 07/02/2017.</jats:p