Anti-Apoptosis Effect of Astragaloside Iv on Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model via Enhancing the Expression of Bcl-2 And Bcl-Xl

The aim is to explore the protective effect of Astragaloside IV on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in rats induced  by amyloid-ß peptide (Aß1-42) and its potential therapeutic mechanism. Methods: 50 Male Sprague Dawley  rats were divided into five groups (10 rats for each): control group, model group, treatment groups 1~3.  10μg Aß1-42 was injected bilaterally into the dorsal dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of rats in the model  and treatment groups to prepare the AD models. 24h after modeling, Astragaloside IV administration, with  different drug dosages of 20mg/(kg•day), 40mg/(kg•day) and 60mg/(kg•day), was performed by gastric  perfusion for rats in the treatment group 1~3. Later on, the cognitive ability of rats was examined by a series  of behavioral tests, and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl in the hippocampus of rats was detected by the  fluorescein based Quantitative RT-PCR. Results: The spontaneous alternation test in a Y maze and Morris  water maze task have demonstrated that the repeated daily administration of Astragaloside IV at the doses  of 20mg/kg bw/day) (p<0.05), 40mg/kg bw/day) (p<0.01), and 60mg/kg bw/day) (p<0.01) significantly  ameliorated the impairment of performance caused by Aß1–42. Furthermore, Astragaloside IV also enhanced  the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl in hippocampal neurons of rats in a dosage-dependent manner. Conclusion:  These findings suggest that Astragaloside IV could alleviate cognitive impairment and enhance the  expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl in hippocampus of rat models with AD.

SAKE: scalable authenticated key exchange for mobile e-health networks

Mobile e-Health Network (MHN) is an emerging cloud-aided networking application across the entire range of functions involved in e-Health systems. It is important to establish secure channels between users because the data transmitted in MHNs are private, for example, personal electronic healthcare records. It is of great significance to employ key management mechanism and encrypt the data before transmitting in MHNs. However, secure key management is challenging in MHNs because of its highly dynamic and large-scale nature. In this paper, we first model MHNs and formalize a hierarchical network architecture mirroring the administrative hierarchy and dynamic autonomy in MHNs in the real world. We next present a virtual MHN architecture with only three levels yet suitable to realistic MHNs with arbitrary hierarchical levels. By exploiting the virtual architecture, we propose an efficient authenticated key exchange framework to secure MHNs. We realize a scalable authenticated key exchange scheme with a dedicated variant of a recent hierarchical identity-based signature and the well-known Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol. Theoretical analyses and experimental results show that scalable authenticated key exchange is secure and scalable and hence is practical to secure MHNs