Do Migrant Students Affect Local Students' Academic Achievements in Urban China?

We examine the educational spillover effects of migrant students on local students’ academic achievement in public middle schools in urban China. The identification of peer effects relies on idiosyncratic variation in the proportion of migrant students across classes within schools. We find that the proportion of migrant students in each class has a small, and positive, effect on local students’ test scores in Chinese, but has no significant effect on math and English test scores. We also find considerable evidence of heterogeneity in the effects of the proportion of students in the class on local students’ test scores across subsamples. Local students toward the bottom of the achievement distribution, local students enrolled in small classes and local students enrolled in lower-ranked schools benefit most in terms of test scores from having a higher proportion of migrant students in their class. Our findings have important policy implications for the debate in China about the inclusion of migrant students in urban schools, and for the assignment of educational resources across schools

Does childhood adversity affect household portfolio decisions? Evidence from the Chinese Great Famine

We employ the 1959–1961 Chinese Great Famine as a quasi-natural experiment to examine the relationship between experiencing adversity in childhood and financial decisions in adulthood. Using data from the 2017 China Household Finance Survey and the intensity of excess deaths during the Great Famine, results from our preferred two-part fractional regression model suggest that, for an additional excess death per thousand people during the Famine, cohorts who were in their infancy and early childhood during the Famine are 0.2–0.3 percentage points less likely to hold risky financial assets than other cohorts. We also find that, conditional on the decision to hold risky assets, those who experienced an additional excess death per thousand people during the Famine in their middle to late childhood hold 1.1 percentage points higher share of risky assets in their household financial portfolios than those who did not experience the Famine. We explore several potential mechanisms and find that financial literacy, risk-taking preferences and locus of control are channels through which childhood adversity in the famine years affects household portfolio decisions. Our findings are robust to a series of sensitivity checks.</p

Fluorescent Probes for Imaging in Humans: Where Are We Now?

Optical imaging has become an indispensable technology in the clinic. The molecular design of cell-targeted and highly sensitive materials, the validation of specific disease biomarkers and the rapid growth of clinically compatible instrumentation have altogether revolutionized the way we use optical imaging in clinical settings. One prime example is the application of cancer-targeted molecular imaging agents in both trials and routine clinical use to define the margins of tumors and to detect lesions that are ‘invisible’ to the surgeons, leading to improved resection of malignant tissues without compromising viable structures. In this Perspective, we summarize some of the key research advances in chemistry, biology and engineering that have accelerated the translation of optical imaging technologies for use in human patients. Finally, our article comments on several research areas where further work will likely render the next generation of technologies for translational optical imaging.<br/

Discussing the Reform of Physical Education Instruction Based on the Basic Skills Competition for Physical Education Majors in Chongqing Municipality's General Colleges and Universities

Purpose:In order to provide theoretical support for the basic skills competition of college and university students, the reform of physical education instruction in colleges and universities, and the talent development system for physical education majors, we analyze and research the basic skills competition in order to identify the issues that currently exist and propose solutions. Methodology:The fundamental skills competition of physical education majors in regular higher education institutions in Chongqing in 2024 is thoroughly examined in this study using the literature approach, mathematical statistics method, observation method, and comparative analysis method. Description of state of knowledge:&nbsp;A test of college and university physical education majors' training, the basic skills competition serves as a vital platform for advancing the caliber of college and university physical education majors, the caliber of students' physical education instruction, the depth of physical education majors' training, and the overall proficiency of students. Conclusion:1. It is necessary to enhance the competition elements and score weighting, as well as to reinforce the uniformity of the student selection process and judging criteria. 2. Improve the basic skills competition's content and score distribution, create a scientific method for choosing pupils to compete, and fortify the impartiality of the performance evaluation criteria. 3. In order to increase the learning motivation of college and university students studying physical education, it is important to emphasize the value of teaching the fundamentals of various physical education topics. Additionally, the teaching of physical education should improve students' practical and application skills

Convergence of Viscosity Iteration Process for a Finite Family of Generalized Asymptotically Quasi-Nonexpansive Mappings

We introduce a general iteration method for a finite family of generalized asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings. The results presented in the paper extend and improve some recent results in the works by Shahzad and Udomene (2006); L. Qihou (2001); Khan et al. (2008)

Research on sit-up counting method and system based on human skeleton key point detection

This paper proposes a sit-up counting system based on bone key point detection, aiming to solve the subjectivity and inefficiency problems of traditional manual counting. The system uses deep learning algorithms to detect and identify key points of human bones, and by improving the network structure and introducing jump connections, it significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of positioning key points of bones. The number of improved network parameters was reduced from 125.6M to 38.3M, significantly reducing model complexity; at the same time, the processing speed was increased from 36.5 FPS to 63.6 FPS, showing higher processing efficiency. Combining skeletal key point tracking and illegal motion detection, real-time and accurate counting is achieved, and the accuracy of sit-up detection reaches 98.57%. The system integrates real-time detection, data collection, display, storage and query functions, providing an efficient and objective counting solution for sports and testing