Gaussian Shading: Provable Performance-Lossless Image Watermarking for Diffusion Models

Ethical concerns surrounding copyright protection and inappropriate content generation pose challenges for the practical implementation of diffusion models. One effective solution involves watermarking the generated images. However, existing methods often compromise the model performance or require additional training, which is undesirable for operators and users. To address this issue, we propose Gaussian Shading, a diffusion model watermarking technique that is both performance-lossless and training-free, while serving the dual purpose of copyright protection and tracing of offending content. Our watermark embedding is free of model parameter modifications and thus is plug-and-play. We map the watermark to latent representations following a standard Gaussian distribution, which is indistinguishable from latent representations obtained from the non-watermarked diffusion model. Therefore we can achieve watermark embedding with lossless performance, for which we also provide theoretical proof. Furthermore, since the watermark is intricately linked with image semantics, it exhibits resilience to lossy processing and erasure attempts. The watermark can be extracted by Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models (DDIM) inversion and inverse sampling. We evaluate Gaussian Shading on multiple versions of Stable Diffusion, and the results demonstrate that Gaussian Shading not only is performance-lossless but also outperforms existing methods in terms of robustness.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, accepted by CVPR 202

Metabolic and transcriptomic responses of Taxus mairei to nano-pollutants: insights into AgNPs and PsNPs impact

There is a growing global concern regarding the pervasive issue of nano-pollutants. Typical nano-materials, such as polystyrene nanoplastics (PsNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Taxus mairei is a well-known gymnosperm widely planted in South China and has great medicinal qualities. However, the effects of nano pollutants on the primary and secondary metabolism of Taxus plants have not been sufficiently explored. We investigated the responses of T. mairei to different nano-pollutants via physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. AgNPs and PsNPs significantly affected several secondary and energy metabolism-related pathways, respectively. In T. mairei, AgNPs greatly impacted flavonoid metabolism by regulating the expression of the CHI gene, while PsNPs significantly impacted energy metabolism by regulating the expression of FRK genes. Furthermore, a transcriptional regulation network, including GATA (ctg10916_gene.2), bHLH (ctg495_gene.7), MYB (ctg18368_gene.1), and NAC (ctg8193_gene.1), was predicted to be associated with the responses of T. mairei to nano-pollutants. The present study elucidated a regulatory mechanism underlying the responses of T. mairei to nano-pollutants, which has the potential to aid in the breeding of Taxus species with high environmental adaptability

Multi-parameter sensing platform for rumen monitoring

Green-house gas (GHG) emissions from livestock contribute to environmental issues including global warming and climate change. There is a need to monitor parameters from animals, particularly ruminants to explore mitigation. These parameters include pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) , dissolved oxygen (DO) and conductivity. Understanding these may help reduce the emission of GHGs and protect cows from diseases.Electrochemical measurement techniques may provide solutions due to the low cost, small size, ease of integration and good accuracy. A stable reference electrode (RE) is required to provide a reference voltage and in this thesis, quasi-REs (QREs) were developed, which were also considered as Cl- sensors. Ruthenium Oxide (RuOx) pH sensors were made, showing good linearity and near-Nernstian response in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution (-56.1mV/pH). Pt ring DO sensors were manufactured to measure dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) with ±1.7% accuracy but with a limited detection range of 1-8mg/L. Conductivity sensors were developed exhibiting comparable performance (accuracies from ±0.5% to ±2.7%) to a commercial conductivity meter under laboratory test in the range 1.5-23mS/cm. ORP sensors were made from a Pt plate and showed good response with deviation <8mV from calibration solutions.In vitro studies were carried out with three different rumen contents for the detection of Cl-, pH, ORP, and conductivity using miniaturized sensor chips. The pH sensors demonstrated good matching with the commercial meter (∆pH<0.14). ORP sensors took a few hours to stabilize and showed average ORP values of -0.099V, -0.123V and -0.07V in three rumen contents. QREs degraded rapidly in the rumen environment, giving an initial Cl- concentration of 0.04-0.054M in rumen fluid. Excellent performance was observed for the conductivity sensor. In all three samples, low deviations were detected regardless of the chip configuration. In sample #1 and sample #3 the error was within 3.7% while in sample #2 larger errors were measured, as a result of the rapid temperature change and proximity effect due to active protozoa. The conductivity sensors were capable of delivering accurate measurements after a week, demonstrating minimal influence from the biofouling effect.Future work involves the improvement of on-chip RE and DO sensors, optimization of in vitro measurement setup and the development and encapsulation of interface circuitry and sensor chips for in vivo detection

Data set for research thesis 'Multi-parameter sensing platform for rumen monitoring'

This dataset supports the MPhil thesis: &#39;Multi-parameter sensing platform for rumen monitoring&#39; awarded by the University of Southampton in 2023. The dataset includes all data used for plots, calculations, measurements and descriptions in the thesis. </span

Voltage Difference Envelope to the Control Simulating of Connection Frequency of Seamless Shoring

Abstract Through the intelligent control of single chip microcomputer and Hall sensor detection technology and signal transmission technology, the frequency, voltage and voltage phase of the shore power and the ship power are detected to form the lowest point of voltage difference envelope, and the seamless connection of the shore power and the ship power is controlled. The load transfer control between the shore power and the ship power realizes the ideal synchronous control of grid-connected closing and load transfer by establishing the ratio control of frequency difference between the shore power and the ship power and power change during load transfer.</jats:p

The Effects of Moderate Neuromuscular Blockade Combined with Transverse Abdominal Plane Block on Surgical Space Conditions During Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Randomised Clinical Study

Abstract Background Deep neuromuscular blockade may be beneficial on surgical space conditions during laparoscopic surgery. The effects of moderate neuromuscular blockade combined with transverse abdominal plane block (TAPB) on the surgical space conditions during laparoscopic surgery has not been described. We investigated if moderate neuromuscular blockade combined with TAPB would be associated with similar surgical space conditions compared with deep neuromuscular blockade. Methods Eighty patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group was treated with moderate neuromuscular blockade (train-of-four (TOF) count between 1 and 3) combined with TAPB (M group), while the control group was treated with deep neuromuscular blockade (D group), with a TOF count of 0 and a post-tetanic count (PTC) ≥ 1. Both groups received the same anesthesia management. The distance between the sacral promontory and the umbilical skin during the operation was compared between the two groups. The surgeon scored the surgical space conditions according to a five-point ordinal scale. Patients’ pain scores were evaluated eight hours after the operation. Results The 95% confidence intervals of the difference in the distance from the sacral promontory to the umbilical skin between the groups were − 1.45–0.77cm. According to the preset non-inferior standard of 1.5cm, (-1.45, ∞) completely fell within (-1.50, ∞), and the non-inferior effect test was qualified. There was no significant difference in the surgical rating score between the two groups. The dosage of rocuronium in group D was significantly higher than that in group M (P &lt; 0.01). The M group had significantly lower pain scores than the D group eight hours after the operation (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions In laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, moderate neuromuscular blockade combined with TAPB can provide surgical space conditions similar to those of deep neuromuscular blockade, and at the same time, reduces the use of muscle relaxants, relieves postoperative pain within 4 hours after operation, shorten the time to extubation and stay in PACU. Trial registration: chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000034621), registered on 12, July, 2020</jats:p

The effects of moderate neuromuscular blockade combined with transverse abdominal plane block on surgical space conditions during laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a randomized clinical study

Abstract Background Deep neuromuscular blockade may be beneficial on surgical space conditions during laparoscopic surgery. The effects of moderate neuromuscular blockade combined with transverse abdominal plane block (TAPB) on surgical space conditions during laparoscopic surgery have not been described. This work investigated whether the above combination is associated with similar surgical space conditions to those of deep neuromuscular blockade. Methods Eighty patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group was treated with moderate neuromuscular blockade (train-of-four (TOF) count between 1 and 3) combined with TAPB (M group), while the control group was treated with deep neuromuscular blockade (D group), with a TOF count of 0 and a post-tetanic count (PTC) ≥1. Both groups received the same anesthesia management. The distance between the sacral promontory and the umbilical skin during the operation was compared between the two groups. The surgeon scored the surgical space conditions according to a five-point ordinal scale. Patients’ pain scores were evaluated 8 h after the operation. Results The distance from the sacral promontory to the umbilical skin after pneumoperitoneum was similar between the D group and M group (16.03 ± 2.17 cm versus 16.37 ± 2.78 cm; P = 0.544). The 95% confidence intervals of the difference in the distance from the sacral promontory to the umbilical skin between the two groups were − 1.45–0.77 cm. According to the preset non-inferior standard of 1.5 cm, (− 1.45, ∞) completely fell within (− 1.50, ∞), and the non-inferior effect test was qualified. No significant difference was found in the surgical rating score between the two groups. The dosage of rocuronium in the group D was significantly higher than that in the group M (P &lt; 0.01). The M group had significantly lower pain scores than the D group 8 h after the operation (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Moderate neuromuscular blockade combined with TAPB applied to laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery can provide surgical space conditions similar to those of deep neuromuscular blockade. In addition, it reduces the use of muscle relaxants, relieves postoperative pain within 4 h after operation, and shorten the extubation time and stay in PACU when neostigmine was used as muscle relaxant antagonist. Trial registration chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000034621), registered on July 12, 2020. </jats:sec

An Integrated Framework of Positive-Unlabeled and Imbalanced Learning for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping

Machine learning is pivotal in data-driven landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM). However, the uncertainty of negative samples and the imbalance between positive and negative samples, which leads to misjudgments and overestimation, remain ongoing challenges. This study introduces a novel framework for LSM that integrates positive-unlabeled (PU) learning with imbalanced learning methods, making full and correct use of vast unlabeled samples. First, a prior model based on the spy algorithm is generated to obtain reliable negative (RN) samples, which is used to create imbalanced training and testing sets. Subsequently, four imbalanced learning models, namely synthetic minority oversampling technique-deep neural network (SMOTE-DNN), adaptive synthetic-DNN (ADASYN-DNN), balanced random forest (BRF), and EasyEnsemble (EE) are employed to process the imbalanced training and testing sets and generate the final prediction models. We have tested our LSM framework using a dataset of regional rainfall-induced landslides that occurred in Beijing, China. The positive impacts of RN samples are evaluated using baseline models and extensive saturation tests with various imbalance ratios are conducted. Imbalanced learning methods enhanced prediction for negative classes, with balance peaks observed in the saturation tests. BRF showed the best performance and stability across different imbalance ratios. This framework can improve the prediction accuracy for both positive and negative classes, which has the potential to reduce overestimation and misclassification and holds promise for significantly impacting future modeling strategies in LSM

Energy Transfer and Damage Evolution Process Research of Ore Rock-Filling Body under the Blasting Load

The low intensity and frequent blasting shock wave created by a blasting impact will exert notable destructive effects on an ore rock-filling body. In order to investigate the energy transfer process of the blasting shock wave energy in the filling body and the damage evolution process of the filling body, the software PFC2D was used to numerically simulate and monitor the blasting stress curve of the stope and the energy transfer process. In addition, the incident of the pulse wave with the transmission boundary of the filling body was employed to obtain the fitting curve of the stress wave energy. Simultaneously, the language FISH was adopted to realize the two-dimensional visualization of the damage degree. The results indicate that: (i) the upper side of the filling body is accessible to generate energy superposition, and the shock wave is diffused in a waveform. Moreover, a few large and deep cracks are produced in the central area; (ii) during the blasting process, the damaged area extended continuously from the bottom to the top along the boundary surface of an ore rock-filling body and finally diffused to both sides; (iii) the energy attenuation of the stress wave in an ore body roughly performs the distribution of power function. Consequently, the research results can contribute to the safety evaluation of mining engineering using differential blasting technology