Genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes (GSTP1/CAT/HMOX1/EPHX1) and childhood asthma risk in Fuzhou

ObjectiveDiscuss the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Glutathione s-transferase Pi-1 (GSTP1), Catalase (CAT), Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), and Homo sapiens epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1) genes and the risk of childhood asthma in Fuzhou.MethodsNext generation sequencing (NGS) was employed to conduct whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 50 asthmatic children and 50 healthy children. Genetic models for the GSTP1 gene rs1695, rs4891, HMOX1 gene rs2071747, rs17878790, CAT gene rs7943316, rs1049982, rs769217, and EPHX1 gene rs2234922, rs41266231, rs1051740 sites were constructed. Binary logistic regression, linkage disequilibrium analysis, haplotype analysis, and interaction analysis were used to study the correlation between the 10 SNPs of GSTP1, CAT, HMOX1, and EPHX1 genes and the risk of asthma in children in the Fuzhou region.ResultsThe rs1695 A>G variant increased the risk of asthma in the heterozygous, dominant, and allele models. The rs4891 T>C variant increased the risk of asthma in the heterozygous, dominant, and allele models. The rs7943316 A>T variant increased the risk of asthma in the homozygous, recessive, and allele models. The rs769217 C>T variant decreased the risk of asthma in the homozygous, recessive, and allele models. Strong linkage disequilibrium between the GSTP1 gene rs1695 and rs4891, and the CAT gene rs7943316, rs1049982, and rs769217. The GC haplotype composed of GSTP1 gene rs1695 and rs4891 may pose a risk for childhood asthma [P = 0.025, OR = 2.12 (1.09–4.10)], while the AT haplotype may be protective [P = 0.025, OR = 0.47 (0.24–0.92)]. The ATT haplotype composed of CAT gene rs7943316, rs1049982, and rs769217 may be protective against childhood asthma [P = 0.006, OR = 0.45 (0.25–0.79)]. Potential synergistic interaction between the GSTP1 gene rs1695, CAT gene rs7943316, and EPHX1 gene rs41266231. The combination of GSTP1 gene rs1695 and CAT gene rs7943316 formed the best predictive model for assessing the risk of childhood asthma in the Fuzhou region.ConclusionThe genotype GC, composed of GSTP1 gene rs1695 and rs4891, may represent a risk genotype for childhood asthma, whereas genotype AT may represent a protective genotype for childhood asthma. The genotype ATT, composed of CAT gene rs7943316, rs1049982, and rs769217, may represent a protective genotype for childhood asthma. The combination of GSTP1 gene rs1695 and CAT gene rs7943316 constitutes the optimal model for predicting the risk of childhood asthma in the Fuzhou region

Innovative Design of PEI‐Modified AMO‐Layered Double Hydroxide for Efficient and Stable Direct Air Capture of CO 2

Emerging as a critical technology for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) removal, the mass deployment of direct air capture (DAC) demands breakthrough innovations in efficient and stable adsorbent materials that simultaneously achieve high capacity, oxidative durability, and low cost. Herein, a hydroxyl‐rich Mg0.55Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) support is developed via aqueous miscible organic solvent treatment, circumventing energy‐intensive calcination while engineering mesopores for efficient polyethyleneimine (PEI) loading. The optimized 60 wt.% PEI modified Mg0.55Al‐CO3 AMO‐LDH achieves a CO2 uptake of 3.92 mmol g−1 under simulated wet air at 25 °C and retains 90.8% capacity over 20 cycles. Crucially, the abundant surface hydroxyls of uncalcined LDH, validated by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and in situ X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, form hydrogen bonds with PEI, suppressing oxidative degradation. After 3 h at 120 °C in simulated air, PEI‐LDH retains a CO2 capacity of 1.06 mmol g−1, significantly outperforming PEI/mixed metal oxide and conventional silica‐based adsorbents. In situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy further reveals that hydroxyl‐mediated amine anchoring minimizes water co‐adsorption. This work establishes a dual strategy of hydroxyl preservation and mesopore engineering to design cost‐effective DAC adsorbents, achieving both high capacity and exceptional stability under realistic operating conditions

FedDRL: Trustworthy Federated Learning Model Fusion Method Based on Staged Reinforcement Learning

Federated learning facilitates collaborative data analysis among multiple participants while preserving user privacy. However, conventional federated learning approaches, typically employing weighted average techniques for model fusion, confront two significant challenges: 1. The inclusion of malicious models in the fusion process can drastically undermine the accuracy of the aggregated global model. 2. Due to the heterogeneity problem of devices and data, the number of client samples does not determine the weight value of the model. To solve those challenges, we propose a trustworthy model fusion method based on reinforcement learning (FedDRL), which includes two stages. In the first stage, we propose a reliable client selection mechanism to exclude malicious models from the fusion process. In the second stage, we propose an adaptive model fusion method that dynamically assigns weights based on model quality to aggregate the best global models. Finally, we validate our approach against five distinct model fusion scenarios, demonstrating that our algorithm significantly enhanced reliability without compromising accuracy

Determination of seven nicotinamide compounds in health products

Objective： This study aimed to establish an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of 7 nicotinamide compounds in health food. Methods： The samples were dissolved in 10% methanol water, extracted by ultrasonic, and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate-acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase of gradient elution. The seven nicotinamide compounds were monitored by ESI, positive and negative ion scanning mode, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Results： The 7 nicotinamide compounds showed good linearity in the mass concentration range, and the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.996. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.075~0.600 mg/kg, the recovery was 84.6%~108.6% with the relative standard deviation of 2.1%~8.7% (n=6). Conclusion： The method has the advantages of simple operation, high speed, high efficiency, high recovery rateand good precision, and can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of nicotinamide and other analogues in health care foods

Design of Ultra-Stable Solid Amine Adsorbents and Mechanisms of Hydroxyl Group-Dependent Deactivation for Reversible CO 2 Capture from Flue Gas

Although supported solid amine adsorbents have attracted great attention for CO2 capture, critical chemical deactivation problems including oxidative degradation and urea formation have severely restricted their practical applications for flue gas CO2 capture. In this work, we reveal that the nature of surface hydroxyl groups (metal hydroxyl Al–OH and nonmetal hydroxyl Si–OH) plays a key role in the deactivation mechanisms. The polyethyleneimine (PEI) supported on Al–OH-containing substrates suffers from severe oxidative degradation during the CO2 capture step due to the breakage of amine-support hydrogen bonding networks, but exhibits an excellent anti-urea formation feature by preventing dehydration of carbamate products under a pure CO2 regeneration atmosphere. In contrast, PEI supported on Si–OH-containing substrates exhibits excellent anti-oxidative stability under simulated flue gas conditions by forming a robust hydrogen bonding protective network with Si–OH, but suffers from obvious urea formation during the pure CO2 regeneration step. We also reveal that the urea formation problem for PEI-SBA-15 can be avoided by the incorporation of an OH-containing PEG additive. Based on the intrinsic understanding of degradation mechanisms, we successfully synthesized an adsorbent 40PEI-20PEG-SBA-15 that demonstrates outstanding stability and retention of a high CO2 capacity of 2.45 mmol g−1 over 1000 adsorption–desorption cycles, together with negligible capacity loss during aging in simulated flue gas (10% CO2 + 5% O2 + 3% H2O) for one month at 60–70 °C. We believe this work makes great contribution to the advancement in the field of ultra-stable solid amine-based CO2 capture materials

Determination of eight anions in liquid milk

Objective： A rapid method was established for the simultaneous determination of variety anions in liquid milk. Methods： The macromolecular protein in liquid milk was precipitated by acetonitrile, and a variety of anions were extracted. After purification by C18 column, the material was separated by Dionex IonPac AS19-HC ion column with gradient elution of potassium hydroxide and conductivity detection. Finally, a method for the determination of bromate, thiocyanate, nitrite, nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, phosphate and iodine ion in liquid milk was established using ion chromatograph. Results： The results showed that the correlation coefficients （R2）of eight kinds of anion range from 0.999 0 to 0.999 8 in the linear range, and the limits of detection were between 0.065 mg/kg and 0.417 mg/kg. The recoveries were in the range 81.8%~102.0% with the relative standard deviations in the range 1.1%~6.7%（n=6）. Conclusion： The method has the advantages of simple operation, high accuracy and sensitivity, and can be used for simultaneous determination of various anion residues in liquid milk

Studying trabecular bone samples demonstrates a power law relation between deteriorated structure and mechanical properties - a study combining 3D printing with the finite element method

IntroductionThe bone volume fraction (BV/TV) significantly contributes to the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. However, when studies compare normal trabeculae against osteoporotic trabeculae (in terms of BV/TV decrease), only an “average” mechanical result has been determined because of the limitation that no two trabecular structures are the same and that each unique trabecular structure can be mechanically tested only once. The mathematic relation between individual structural deterioration and mechanical properties during aging or the osteoporosis process has yet to be further clarified. Three-dimensional (3D) printing and micro-CT-based finite element method (μFEM) can assist in overcoming this issue.MethodsIn this study, we 3D printed structural-identical but BV/TV value-attenuated trabecular bones (scaled up ×20) from the distal femur of healthy and ovariectomized rats and performed compression mechanical tests. Corresponding μFEM models were also established for simulations. The tissue modulus and strength of 3D printed trabecular bones as well as the effective tissue modulus (denoted as Ez) derived from μFEM models were finally corrected by the side-artifact correction factor.ResultsThe results showed that the tissue modulus corrected, strength corrected and Ez corrected exhibited a significant power law function of BV/TV in structural-identical but BV/TV value-attenuated trabecular samples. DiscussionUsing 3D printed bones, this study confirms the long-known relationship measured in trabecular tissue with varying volume fractions. In the future, 3D printing may help us attain better bone strength evaluations and even personal fracture risk assessments for patients who suffer from osteoporosis

Measurement of the relationship between maxillary premolar roots and the maxillary sinus floor using cone beam CT and analysis of the impact on immediate implantation

Objective To analyze the spatial relationship between the roots of maxillary anterior premolars and the maxillary sinus, thus providing an anatomical basis for timing, planning, surgical approaches, and implant selection at this site. Methods Cone beam CT (CBCT) images were collected from 264 patients (aged 20-65 years) who visited the Ruihua Dental Clinic between January 2017 and March 2023. The minimum distance from the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was measured on the coronal plane. The classification of the vertical relationship between the tooth root and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was performed, and comparisons were made bilaterally, between genders, and among different age groups. Results The minimum distance (Q50) from the apex of the first maxillary premolar root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was 7.34 mm for the single-root type, 7.80 mm for the buccal root of the double-root type, and 7.36 mm for the palatal root. For the second maxillary premolar, the median distance was 2.56 mm for the single root type, 1.73 mm for the buccal root type, and 1.23 mm for the palatal root type. There was a significant difference in the shortest distance from the apex of the right second maxillary premolar single root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus among the different age groups (P<0.05), with the 20-29-year-old group having the smallest median distance (1.52 mm) and the ≥ 40-year-old group having the largest (4.44 mm). There was no significant difference in the effect of sex or laterality on distance (P>0.05). The most common vertical relationship between the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was noncontact. There was no significant difference in the vertical relationship classification between the single-root and double-root types (P>0.05). Conclusion Most maxillary first premolar roots can provide sufficient bone height, which makes it easy to achieve immediate implantation. The maxillary second premolar root frequently involves insufficient bone, which is necessary to make full use of the bone wall of the extraction socket or the sinus floor cortical bone to achieve initial stability. The vertical relationship between the premolar root and maxillary sinus was influenced by age and dental position. Younger age groups often exhibit inadequate bone height, and the indication for immediate implantation should be carefully considered. The number of roots does not significantly affect the relationship between the sinus and root; however, double-rooted premolars offer more support for immediate implantation and socket healing due to the small root diameter and bony separation between the roots

DLRover-RM: Resource Optimization for Deep Recommendation Models Training in the Cloud

Deep learning recommendation models (DLRM) rely on large embedding tables to manage categorical sparse features. Expanding such embedding tables can significantly enhance model performance, but at the cost of increased GPU/CPU/memory usage. Meanwhile, tech companies have built extensive cloud-based services to accelerate training DLRM models at scale. In this paper, we conduct a deep investigation of the DLRM training platforms at AntGroup and reveal two critical challenges: low resource utilization due to suboptimal configurations by users and the tendency to encounter abnormalities due to an unstable cloud environment. To overcome them, we introduce DLRover-RM, an elastic training framework for DLRMs designed to increase resource utilization and handle the instability of a cloud environment. DLRover-RM develops a resource-performance model by considering the unique characteristics of DLRMs and a three-stage heuristic strategy to automatically allocate and dynamically adjust resources for DLRM training jobs for higher resource utilization. Further, DLRover-RM develops multiple mechanisms to ensure efficient and reliable execution of DLRM training jobs. Our extensive evaluation shows that DLRover-RM reduces job completion times by 31%, increases the job completion rate by 6%, enhances CPU usage by 15%, and improves memory utilization by 20%, compared to state-of-the-art resource scheduling frameworks. DLRover-RM has been widely deployed at AntGroup and processes thousands of DLRM training jobs on a daily basis. DLRover-RM is open-sourced and has been adopted by 10+ companies.Comment: Accepted in VLDB'2